跪求英语／生物达人帮忙翻译
Malachite green (MG), originally used as a dyeing agent of textiles [1], was introduced as an ectoparasiticide, fungicide and antiseptic in aquaculture in 1933 [2]. The broad fungicidal and anti-parasitical spectrum, and its efficacy in treating trout suffering from proliferative kidney disease (PKD) has made the drug very popular among fish culturists [1].
After administration, MG is prevalently reduced into leuco-malachite green (LMG) in channel catfish [3] and rainbow trout [4], and deposited in fatty tissue of the fish.
The potential carcinogenic, genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic properties were demonstrated in many animal species and cell lines [5]. For that reason, the USA placed MG under scrutiny in 1978, only permitted to specified national fish hatcheries that produced fish for restoration of depleted stocks. As MG is not registered as a veterinary drug, the administration of this antibiotic is not allowed in the European Union either. The ban on its use and its potential adverse effects in humans, necessitated a robust and reliable analytical method for determination of residues of MG in tissues derived from ( cultured ) aquatic animals , which can be used in the control of this drug .
Several analytical approaches for the determination of residues of malachite green have been published. Methods include, for example, HPLC equipped with a post-column unit for oxidation of
LMG and with either an absorbance or MS detector for detection in trout (eggs, fry and muscle), catfish (muscle and plasma) [4,6,7] and in trout muscle [8]. The reactors (from 1032 to 3234 mm) used in these studies were filled with either 100% lead(IV)oxide [7,8] or with a mixture of 10% lead(IV)oxide with celite [4,6]. Other methods include GC–MS of LMG in catfish [9] or LC–APCI-MS in catfish and trout [10] without the use of a reactor for the conversion of LMG. This study aimed at the development and validation of a procedure for sample processing and of an HPLC analysis method for determination of residues of MG in finfish with aquacultural interest
and in prawns. Furthermore, the use of LC–ESI-MS–MS analysis was explored for confirmation of
detected residues of this drug in such matrices.
文章翻译：
孔雀绿（Malachite green, MG）最初曾用于纺织品的染色剂[1]，1933年它在水产业被作为驱虫剂、杀虫剂和防腐剂而引入[2]。它的广谱抗真菌和抗虫性质，及其在治疗鲑鱼的增生性肾病（PKD）方面的功效是这种药在鱼类养殖者那里非常受欢迎[1]。
在撒药之后，MG通常会在有鲶鱼[3]和虹鳟鱼[4]的腔道里还原成为隐色孔雀绿（LMG），并蓄积在鱼的脂肪组织中。
已经证明在很多种类的动物和细胞系[5]中具有潜在的致癌、遗传毒性、致突变和致畸等性质，由于这一原因，美国在1978年将MG置于严格审查之下，仅允许那些特定的国家鱼卵孵化所用于恢复濒危鱼种的生产。
因为MG不是一种注册的兽药，在欧盟也不允许将其为抗生素使用。由于对它禁用及它对人类的潜在不良反应，一种耐用的和可靠的能够确定（养殖的）水生动物组织中MG残留的分析方法便成为必要，这种方法可以用于对此种药物的控制。
对于检测孔雀绿的残留已经发表了几种分析方法。
这些方法包括，例如，配有柱后LMG氧化单元的HPLC，并配有吸收（指紫外）或MS（质谱）检测器以检测鲑鱼（卵、鱼苗和肌肉）、鲶鱼（鸡肉和肌浆）[4,6,7]和鲑鱼肌肉中的残留[8]。在这些研究中采用的反应器（从1032到3224mm）中装填有100%的氧化铅（IV）[7,8]或10%的氧化铅（IV）与硅藻土的混合物[4,6]。
其他的方法还包括鲶鱼中LMG的GC-MS测定，或针对鲶鱼和鲑鱼的不需要使用反应器转化LMG的LC-APCI-MS法。在样品处理过程和确定长须鲸（作为一种文化兴趣）和对虾中MG残留的HPLC分析方法的研发和验证中，这一研究是有帮助的。此外，LC-APCI-MS分析可用于在母体中检测到此药物的残留进行确认。
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