be用法练习题（1）

感叹句是初中英语语法学习的中重点，更是每年中考必考的考点，看似简单的感叹句，可它的.考点并不是很容易的，有很多同学在这方面上丢分，主要原因，还是对考点掌握不够全面，不够准确。下面是小编帮大家整理的初中英语感叹句用法及练习题附答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。

一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：

1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！

What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！

2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的'花啊！

What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！

3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！

What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！

二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：

1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！

How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！

2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！

3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如：

How time flies! 光阴似箭！

三 陈述句巧变感叹句

在把陈述句变感叹句时，可以根据以下这种方法——一断二加三换位。

“一断” 即在谓语后面断开，使句子分成两部分。如：

He works hard. → He works / hard.

He is a good worker. → He is / a good worker.

“二加” 即在第二部分前加上how（强调形容词、副词）或what（强调名词）。如：

He works（how）hard.

He is（what）a good worker.

“三换位” 即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感叹号。如： How hard he works!

What a good worker he is!

如：

How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are!

四、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。 如： Good idea! （好主意！） wonderful! （太精彩了！） Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！）

五、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：

① What a hot day it is!

How hot the day is !

多么热的天气呀！

② What tall buildings they are!

How tall the buildings are!

多么高的楼房呀！

③ What bad weather it is!

How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！

④ What bright sunshine it is!

How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！

六、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。

如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！

② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！

③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！

④ How cool! 好凉快呀！

⑤ How wonderful! 精彩极了！

附一：感叹句记忆口诀

感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。

形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。

名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。 主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见。

感叹句专项练习

一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。

1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!

2).________cute dog it is!

3).________ interesting the story is!

4).________ bad the weather in England is!

5).________ honest boy Tom is ！

6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off!

7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!

8).________ exciting news youve brought us!

9).________cool your new car is!

10).________ scary these tigers are!

二、选择填空。

1. _______ fast the boy ran!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!

A. How, how B. What, what

C. How, what D. What, how

3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!

A. How B. How an C. What D. What an

三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：

1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_______ _______ the boy swam!

2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_____ ______ the school trip is!

3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句） _______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!

4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）

_______ _______ _______ dictionary it is!

_______ _______ _______ dictionary is!

5. The students are listening very carefully.

________ ________ the students are listening!

答案：一、What，What a, How, How，What an,

What, What a, What, How, How

二、BAACA CACAC

三、1. How fast

2. How exciting

3. How beautiful

4. What a useful, How useful the

5. How carefully

What a funny time to eat breakfast!

1) what a/an；

是不

what。

2a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s

how就OK了。如：

例句1：What a he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！

单数名词

例句2： they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！

复数名词

例句3： it is! 多么冷的天气啊！

不可数名词

例句4：这男孩多好啊！

乱糟糟

how. 例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！ /

副词 （what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）

How time flies!

How fast Liu Xiang runs

打油诗一首:

或what an

形后若是不可数或名复数

只用what就可以

形容词后乱糟糟

只写how就OK了

be用法练习题（2）

．主谓一致

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。

1.语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如：

Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。

Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。

意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：

The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。

The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。

3.就近原则

就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：

Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。

Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。

主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题。

1.主语为集体名词

(1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如：

Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。（group 指小组成员） Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。（group 指小组整体）

The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers.

中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。（前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员）

(2)某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如：

The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他。

The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。

3.某些名词如equipment（设备），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠宝），clothing（衣服），machinery（机械），表示单数概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如：

A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。

All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。

2.主语为代词

(1)．有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如：

Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。

Everything around us is matter. 我们周围所有的东西都是物质。

注意：

① 在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如：

Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard.

他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。

② each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式, each 用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of, each one of 后接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。

Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。

Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。

They each have their own car.他们每个人都有自己的车。

(2).none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法，如：

None of us seem to have thought of it. 似乎我们全都没有想到这一点。

None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one)我们都没有照相机。

(3).both, (a) few, many, several 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：

Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器。

(4).all 作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数，如：

All is well that ends well. 结果好一切都好。

All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于达成一项协议。

(5).either…or…; neither…or; not only; but also; or 连接时谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致，如：

Not only Mary but also her parents have agreed to go there. 不但玛丽而且她的父母都同意去那儿。

He or they are to blame ?他还是他们要受惩罚？

主谓一致中还有其它一些问题也是高考常考的热点，下面补充一下这些语法项目。

1.“a number of +复数名词或代词”作主语，表示“许多”之意，谓语动词一般用复数；“the number of +复数名词或代词”作主语，表示“……的数目”，“……的数量”，谓语动词一般用单数, 如：

The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.

被邀请的人数是50人，但很多人因各自不同的原因没有到席。

2.“分数或百分数+of +名词”作主语，谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致，如：

More than 70 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球表面70％的地方被水覆盖。

3。.主语后面跟有with, together with, but, along with, like, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, as much as, as well as, no less than 等短语时，谓语动词通常和这些短语前面的名词或代词保持一致，如：

E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

电子邮件及电话在日常交往中起着重要的作用。

4.表示数量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等的.复数名词作主语时，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如：

There thousand dollars has been spent on books. 这本书花了3000美元。

Ten kilometers is a long way. 一万里是一段很长的行程。

5.由and 连接并列名词短语作主语时，如果是指两个或更多个人或物，谓语动词要用复数；如果是指同一人或物，谓语动词要用单数。这时，and 后面的名词前没有冠词，如：

The singer and dancer is to attend our English party. 这位既是歌唱家又是演员的人将参加我们的英语晚会。

6.不定式短语，-ing 短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如：

When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时间，什么地方建这个新工厂还没有决定。

7.“the +形容词”表示一类人，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the black, the white, the dead, the living 等，当它们用作主语时谓语动词要用复数，如：

The old are well looked after by the government. 老年人受到政府极好的照顾。

8.在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数，但当one 前有the only, the very 等修饰时，one 是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数，如：

He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.

他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人。

She is one of the few girls who are well paid in the kindergarten. 她是在幼儿园薪水很高少数几个女孩中的一个。

9.Quantity + of +名词用作主语，谓语动词和quantity 保持一致，如：

As a result of destroying the forests, quantities of desert have covered the land.

由于森林受到了破坏，大量的沙漠覆盖了土地。

10. “more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数:More than one teachers gets the dictionaries.

“many a ＋名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数：Many a workers has been sent to build the dam．

[主谓一致]

1.About 60 percent of the students ________ from the south,the rest of them ________ from the north and foreign countries. A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is

2.Half of the workers here ________ under 30 ________.

A.is;years B.are;year old C.is;years old D.are;years of age

3.Now Tom with his classmates ________ football on the playground.

A.play B.are playing C.plays D.is playing

4.The number of pages in this dictionary ________ about two thousand.

A.are B.has C.have D.is

5.Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.

A.are B.is主谓一致用法详解及练习题附答案 C.were D.be

6.The secretary and principal ________ at the meeting now.

A.are speaking B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech

7.“If anybody ________,please put down ________ name,”said the teacher to the monitor.

A.wants to buy the book;his B.want to buy the book;their

C.will buy the book;one’s D.wants to have the book bought;her

8.Nothing but one desk and six chairs ________ in the room.

A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left

9.Between the two roads ________ a TV tower called“Skyscraper Tower”.

A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand

10.Either of you ________ going there tonight.

A.will B.was C.is D.are

11.You as well ________ right.

A.I are B.I am C.as I am D.as I are

12.All but Dick ________ in Class Three this term.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

13.Where to get the materials and how to get them ________ at the meeting.

A.have not discussed B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed D.has not been discussed

14.I took mathematics and physics because I think that ________ very important for me to make further research in this field.

A.what is B.they are C.this D.which are

15.Every student and every teacher ________.

A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting

主谓一致：

1.解析：分数和rest作主语，谓语的数应与它们后面的中心名词保持一致。答案：B

2.解析：half作主语时，谓语要与half后面的名词保持一致。workers是复数，谓语也要用复数。答案：D

3.解析：Tom是主语，with...是状语。答案：D

4.解析：the number作主语，谓语用单数。答案：D

5.解析：度、量、衡作主语，把它作为一个整体看待，视为单数。答案：B

6.解析：the secretary and principal 只有一个冠词，一身兼两职：是书记也是校长。答案：B

7.解析：anybody作主语，谓语是单数；泛指一个人（的）一般用he （his）。答案：A

8.解析：nothing作主语，谓语用单数。答案：C

9.解析：主语是a TV tower。这是一个完全倒装结构。答案：A

10.解析：either作主语，谓语用单数。答案：C

11.解析：主语是you。as well as I（不仅是我）是状语。答案：D

12.解析：All是主语，它在这儿指人，所以应是复数。答案：A

13.解析：两个不定式的动词相同，属于同一概念，所以谓语仍然用单数。答案：D

14.解析：they代替“mathematics and physics”。答案：B

15.解析：every+n. and every+n.属于同一概念。答案：C

be用法练习题（3）

高中英语语法 ing用法专项练习题

Exercises:

1. The officers narrowly escaped ___________in the hot battle.

A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed

2.___________ the letter, he went out to post it.

A. Writing B. Being writing C. Having written D. Written

3. Don't you remember ___________ ?

A. seeing the man before B. to see the man before

C. saw the man before D. to have seen the man before

4. People couldn't help ___________ the foolish emperor in the procession.

A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on

5. We're looking forward ___________ the photo exhibition.

A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting

6. The girl ___________ under that tree is my sister.

A. sitting B. sits C. is sitting D. sat

7. This sentence needs ___________ .

A. a improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved

8. ___________ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual

A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing

9. The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

10. There was terrible noise ___________ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

11. The secretary worked late into the night, ___________ a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

12. Can't you read? Mary said ___________ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

13. How about two of us ___________ a walk down the garden?

A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

14. ---I must apologize for ___________ahead of time. ---That's all right.

A. letting you not know B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not D. letting not you know

15. ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ---Well, now I regret ___________ that.

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

16. Would you ___________ me your identification card, sir?

A. mind to show B. mind showing C. trouble to show D. trouble showing

17. He suggested ___________ on Saturday.

A. to have a meeting B. having a meeting C. a meeting to have D. that having a meeting

18. It is no good ___________ to come now. He is busy.

A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him

be用法练习题（4）

AS用法专练练习题

As 用法专练

1.It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science.

A. much as an art as B. as much an art as C.an art as much as D.as much as an art

2._____ I admire David as a poet,I don’t like him as a man.

A.Only if B.If only C. As much D.Much as

3.____ ,he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class.

A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be

C.Quiet as he may be a student D.As he may be a quiet student

4.I wonder why you don’t do it as ____ and it’s the third time you have done so.

A.told you B. be told C. told to D. you told

5.___I explain on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. What B.When C.After D. As

6.That is ____ problem____can’t be worked out by anyof us .

A.a such difficult , that B.so difficult a ,that

C.such a difficult, as D.a so difficult ,as

7.There were not so many jobs available ____ were asked for.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

8.____ time went on,Einstine’theory_____ right.

A. With, proved B As, be proved C.With, be proved D. As, proved

be用法练习题（5）

初中英语词性用法练习题

1. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

2. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? ---______ is OK.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

3. ---Is ______ here? ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.

A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody

4. We decides to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.

A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves

5. Mrs. Bond is one old friend of ________.

A. Jack mother B. Jack mother's C. Jack's mother D. Jack's mother's

7. -- Are there any _____ on the farm? --- Yes, there are some.

A. horse B. sheep C. duck D. chicken

8. These ________ have saved many children's lives.

A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor

9. Max prefer ____ English to ______ Physics. At the same time, he likes play ____ piano.

A. an; a; the B. a; a; the C. /; /;the D. the; the; /

11. I know ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.

A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a

12. _______ of the land in the city is covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifths B. Two fifth C. Two five D. Second fifths

13. Which number is wrong? ___________.

A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth

14. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.

A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred D. nine hundred of

15. Which room do you live in? ________.

A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201's Room

16. ______ the help of the teacher, Tom has made rapid progress _____ his studies.

A. For; at B. By; on C. With; for D. With; in

17. Is there sny differences _______ these two sentences?

A. for B. in C. between D. among

18. A woman fell ______ the boat _____ the water.

A. off; into B. at; below C. down; under D. away; in

19. Wood can be made ______ paper.

A. by B. into C. from D. of

20. Japan lies ______ the east of China. And the United States is ____ the south of Canada.

A. on; to B. to; on C. in; to D. with; on

21. There are some birds singing _____ the trees.

A. in B. on C. at D. from

be用法练习题（6）

双引号的用法练习题的内容

资料说明：

本份资料内容适合小学四年级以上学生使用，包括初中学生也可以用来检验自己引号作用判断能力，此处练习一、二均有答案。

关于引号的知识，基础知识可以查看双引号的作用共有几种一文，具体使用可查看引号使用注意事项及常见错误一文，小学阶段的华语网会员还有更优质的资料引号的用法与注意事项详解（小学版）供参考。

练习一：

双引号有以下五种作用 A．表示直接引用。B．表示特殊含义。C．表示着重强调（着重论述的对象）。D．表示特定称谓。E．表示否定和讽刺（也属特殊含义一类）。请分别指出下面句子中双引号的作用。

1人们都说:“桂林山水甲天下”. ( )

2黄河近2000年的“表现”令人大吃一惊. ( )

3多灾多难的黄河怎么能成为中华民族的＂摇篮＂.( )

4鬼子来“扫荡”了.( )

5爸爸一定送你一顶“蓝盔”。( )

6我看见了“雨后春笋”的画面.( )

7荷兰有“欧洲花园”，“花卉王国”的美誉.( )

8大家采集“茅茅针”.( )

9说“认识”，其实我并不了解他.( )

10说他“特别”，因为他爱鱼到了忘我的境界.( )

11罪恶的子弹还在威胁着娇嫩的“和平之花”.( )

12他在学校念书的时候，同学们就称他为“辩论家”.( )

13巨兽和小鸟从表面看来，它们之间是“水火不相容”.( )

14百舌鸟和金黄鼠是一对“好朋友”. ( )

15号称“世界屋脊”的青藏高原，有两个世界之最.( )

16那“鸟有天堂”的确是鸟的天堂.( )

17巨人竖起一块“禁止入内”的告示牌.( )

18家乡有一句“紧走搭石慢过桥”的俗语.( )

19人们用“杏林春满”来赞扬医生的高明医术.( )

20让我们记住“尺有所短，寸有所长”这句名言吧！( )

更多引号 资料

21如果你是“未经登记”的陌生人，你是无法进入的.( )

22飞船上有一批“特殊乘客”――植物的`种子.( )

23科学家仔细研究了鲸，发现它的外形是一种极为理想的“流线型”。( )

24我喜欢花港，更喜欢“泉白如玉”的玉泉。（ ）

25父亲教我在石板上甩出“糖风”来。（）

26那只先出来的幼龟，原来是龟群的“侦察兵”。（）

标准答案：

1、直接引用；2、特殊含义；3、特殊含义；4、特殊含义；5、特殊含义；6、直接引用；7、特定称谓；8、特定称谓；9、强调意思；10、强调意思；11、特定称谓；12、特定含义；13、直接引用；14、强调意思；15、特定称谓；16、特定称谓；17、强调意思；18、直接引用；19、直接引用；20、直接引用；21、强调意思；22、特殊含义；23、强调意思；24、强调意思；25、特定称谓；26、特殊含义。

判断下列各句中引号的用法将相应序号填入括号中：

1标明行文中直接引用的话2标明需要着重指出的部分3表示具有特殊含义的词语4表示讽刺或否定

1最后把“？”拉直变成“！”找到了真理。（）

2善于“打破沙锅问到底”的人，却从中有所发现，有所发明，有所创造，有所成就。（）

3那么这种“偶然的机遇”只能给那些有准备的人。（）

4莎士比亚说：“书籍是全世界的营养品”（）

练习二：

引号的作用有:①表示直接引用②表示突出强调③表示否定或者讽刺④表示特定称谓⑤用来引用俗语、谚语、歇后语、古语等⑥表示特殊含义，请说出下列各句中引号的作用。

（华语网编辑说明：此处①⑤种用法通常归为一类，此处为进一步细分，与上文所说引号的作用并不矛盾，下文中已经给出了答案。）

1、这样的“聪明人”还是少一点好。(3)

2、这是我们组办的“热爱大自然”的手抄报。(2)

3、“满遭损，谦受益”这句格言，流传到今天至少有两千年了。(5)

4、罪恶的子弹还要挟着“和平之花”。(4)

5、像这样一条多灾多难的祸河，怎么能成为中华民族的“摇篮”呢？(6)

6、说他“特别”，因为他爱鱼到了忘我的境界。(2)

7、鲸鱼的外形是极为理想的“流线型”。(2)

8、大家采集起“茅茅针”来。(4)

9、爸爸一定送你一顶“蓝盔”。(6)

10、从山脚向上望，只见火把排成许多“之”字形，一直连到天上。(2)