句子结构（1）

祈使句结构

祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。

1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。

Take this

Do be

否定结构：

Don't

Don't be

2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句

Let's 包括说话者

Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?

= Shall we have another try?

Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try，will you / won't you?

= Will you please let us have another try?

否定结构：

Let's not talk of that

Let us not talk of that

感叹句结构

感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

典型例题

1)___ food you've cooked!

How a What a How nice What nice

答案 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + + (不可数)

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!

What What How How a

答案 weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3) _____ I had!--You really suffered a

What a time What time How a time how time

答案感叹句分两类：

1：What + +主谓部分

2：How + / / +主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

强调句结构

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of

典型例题

1) It was last night ___ I see the

答案 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。

原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday

强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the (注意不用when)

强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to

when since as

答案 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was +时间+ since…其中is<---> has been was <---> had

用助动词进行强调

强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。

She does like this

她的确喜欢这匹马。

Please do take care of

千万保重。

反意疑问句

1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't

I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5)陈述部分有have to + (had to + )，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7)陈述部分有had better + 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8)陈述部分有would rather +，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9)陈述部分有You'd like to + 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?

What a smell, isn't it?

12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn't he?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

句子结构（2）

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1) He took his bag and (名词) 他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May (不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

句子结构（3）

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：

1) Li Ming works very 李明学习很努力。

2) The accident happened yesterday 事故是昨天下午发生的。

3)Spring is

4) We have lived in the city for ten

句子结构（4）

这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1)You should keep the room clean and 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)

2) We made him our (名词)我们选他当班长。

3) His father told him not to play in the (不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4)My father likes to watch the boys playing (现在分词)

5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two (过去分词)

● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。

● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1) The boss made him do the work all 老板让他整天做那项工作。

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

句子结构（5）

祈使句结构

祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。

1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。

Take this

Do be

否定结构：

Don't

Don't be

2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句

Let's 包括说话者

Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?

= Shall we have another try?

Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try，will you / won't you?

= Will you please let us have another try?

否定结构：

Let's not talk of that

Let us not talk of that

感叹句结构

感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

典型例题

1)___ food you've cooked!

How a What a How nice What nice

答案 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + + (不可数)

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!

What What How How a

答案 weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3) _____ I had!--You really suffered a

What a time What time How a time how time

答案感叹句分两类：

1：What + +主谓部分

2：How + / / +主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

强调句结构

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of

典型例题

1) It was last night ___ I see the

答案 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。

原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday

强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the (注意不用when)

强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to

when since as

答案 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was +时间+ since…其中is<---> has been was <---> had

用助动词进行强调

强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。

She does like this

她的确喜欢这匹马。

Please do take care of

千万保重。

反意疑问句

1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't

I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5)陈述部分有have to + (had to + )，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7)陈述部分有had better + 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8)陈述部分有would rather +，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9)陈述部分有You'd like to + 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?

What a smell, isn't it?

12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn't he?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

句子结构（6）

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：

1) Li Ming works very 李明学习很努力。

2) The accident happened yesterday 事故是昨天下午发生的。

3)Spring is

4) We have lived in the city for ten

句子结构（7）

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：

1) This kind of food tastes 这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just 刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：

1) Spring It is getting warmer and 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than 这棵树比以前长得高多了。

句子结构（8）

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1) He took his bag and (名词) 他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May (不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

句子结构（9）

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：

1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday 她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：

1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday

2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long

句子结构（10）

词性的英文缩写

在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性

noun 名词动词 transitive verb及物动词 intransitive verb不及物动词modal verb 情态动词 verb助动词 adjective形容词 adverb 副词数词感叹词 pronoun 代词介词冠词conjconjunction连词

口诀：为名，为动;副形;借，代;数冠，连感叹

及物动词和不及物动词

实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。)He opened the (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。)

注意：

实义动词、助动词与情态动词

实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。

实义动词

指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。

英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

助动词

助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。

情态动词

情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。

句子结构（11）

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

谓语

谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

表语

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语补足语

宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

主补

对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。

定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。

同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。

句子结构（12）

离10月考试仅有一个月时间，大多考生都已经进入做题巩固阶段，作为过来人，我深知英语课程考试中的翻译题是一个难点，下面是我做题时的一些方法，这些方法帮我取得了不错的成绩，希望对大家有所启示。

英语（二）考试，包括两道翻译题，汉译英和英译汉。英译汉总共15分，要翻译的是一段话，而不是一句，相对复杂。它考查考生对英语书面材料的理解能力，要求考生对原文理解得既准确又完整，翻译时不能有错漏。

翻译题，考生想根据自己熟悉的几个词靠臆想拼凑意思是得不了分的。那么怎样着手翻译句子呢？我的方法是，先弄清句子的结构，不要拿到题目就从第一个词译起。英语有五个基本句型，它们是构成英语句子的基础，再长再复杂的句子也是由这五个基本句型（或它们的变体）按一定的规则构建而成的。这些基本句型的公式只表示了句子的主要成分，而实际的句子大都还带有一些修饰语，如定语、状语等，可能是单词、短语或句子（如果是句子，又包含新的基本句型）。

对于较长、结构较复杂的.句子，先将其分割成一个个的意群（可以是不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语或各种从句等），然后确定意群和意群间的联系，这样句子的意思就可以明白了。

例如2005年10月考卷中英译汉的一句话Indeed， research has shown that people who forgive report more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns.分析一下，首先research has shown（研究表明），这是一个主谓宾结构，是句子的主句；宾语是由连词that引导的一个宾语从句people who forgive report more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns. 这个宾语从句的主语是people，谓语是report，宾语是more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns；who forgive是定语，修饰的是 people ，什么样的人们呢，是怀有宽恕之心的人们。到这里，全句的意思就清楚了，按照汉语的思维来整理，那么全句的意思就是：的确，研究表明，怀有宽恕之心的人们往往体力更充沛、胃口及睡眠更好。其中，英语句子结构中定语放在了people（人们）后边，但译成汉语时定语放在people（人们）前边。多练习这些基本方法，英译汉翻译不难。

北京考试报

句子结构（13）

离10月考试仅有一个月时间，大多考生都已经进入做题巩固阶段，作为过来人，我深知英语课程考试中的翻译题是一个难点，下面是我做题时的一些方法，这些方法帮我取得了不错的成绩，希望对大家有所启示。

英语（二）考试，包括两道翻译题，汉译英和英译汉。英译汉总共15分，要翻译的是一段话，而不是一句，相对复杂。它考查考生对英语书面材料的理解能力，要求考生对原文理解得既准确又完整，翻译时不能有错漏。

翻译题，考生想根据自己熟悉的几个词靠臆想拼凑意思是得不了分的。那么怎样着手翻译句子呢？我的方法是，先弄清句子的结构，不要拿到题目就从第一个词译起。英语有五个基本句型，它们是构成英语句子的基础，再长再复杂的句子也是由这五个基本句型（或它们的变体）按一定的规则构建而成的。这些基本句型的公式只表示了句子的主要成分，而实际的句子大都还带有一些修饰语，如定语、状语等，可能是单词、短语或句子（如果是句子，又包含新的基本句型）。

对于较长、结构较复杂的`句子，先将其分割成一个个的意群（可以是不定式短语、分词短语、动名词短语、介词短语、形容词短语、名词短语或各种从句等），然后确定意群和意群间的联系，这样句子的意思就可以明白了。

例如2005年10月考卷中英译汉的一句话Indeed， research has shown that people who forgive report more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns.分析一下，首先research has shown（研究表明），这是一个主谓宾结构，是句子的主句；宾语是由连词that引导的一个宾语从句people who forgive report more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns. 这个宾语从句的主语是people，谓语是report，宾语是more energy， better appetite and better sleep patterns；who forgive是定语，修饰的是 people ，什么样的人们呢，是怀有宽恕之心的人们。到这里，全句的意思就清楚了，按照汉语的思维来整理，那么全句的意思就是：的确，研究表明，怀有宽恕之心的人们往往体力更充沛、胃口及睡眠更好。其中，英语句子结构中定语放在了people（人们）后边，但译成汉语时定语放在people（人们）前边。多练习这些基本方法，英译汉翻译不难。

句子结构（14）

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

5. Insgroupsto remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

10. The knee is the jointswheresthe thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areasswheresonce nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.

19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.

32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

33. Researchsintosthe dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Evergladesswhereswildlife is abundant and largely protected.

37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.

39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowingsintosthe Atlantic Ocean from those flowingsintosthe Pacific.

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.

41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to springsintosfull flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.

47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.

48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.

49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.

50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.

51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.

52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniting feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.

53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.

54. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field of language learning.

55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.

56. Perfectly matched pearls, strungsintosa necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.

57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.

58.

句子结构（15）

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.

2. 1986年看见哈雷huuu星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.

6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.

7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的.表达。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dy

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