句子类型（1）

(1)带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句，只要把not, never加在这些动词后面，就能把肯定句变为否定，no通常否定名词或动名词

I’m not a haven’t got a

I have never met him

(2)若谓语是行为动词，前面又没有助动词和情态动词，只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。

I didn’t go to the concert

He doesn’t speak English

(3)no修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：

No men are admitted

No man is

(4)表示部分否定的词有：not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not

Not everybody enjoys

Not everything goes

句子类型（2）

(1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句：要把这些动词提到主语的前面，句末用问号。

Are you a policeman?Must I go now?

(2) 如果谓语是行为动词，它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词，这时就要用助动词do ( does, did )来构成疑问句。

Does he often write to you ?

Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?

句子类型（3）

祈使句结构

祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。

1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。

Take this

Do be

否定结构：

Don't

Don't be

2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句

Let's 包括说话者

Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?

= Shall we have another try?

Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try，will you / won't you?

= Will you please let us have another try?

否定结构：

Let's not talk of that

Let us not talk of that

感叹句结构

感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

典型例题

1)___ food you've cooked!

How a What a How nice What nice

答案 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + + (不可数)

2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!

What What How How a

答案 weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。

3) _____ I had!--You really suffered a

What a time What time How a time how time

答案感叹句分两类：

1：What + +主谓部分

2：How + / / +主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。

强调句结构

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。

此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of

典型例题

1) It was last night ___ I see the

答案 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。

原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday

强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday

强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the (注意不用when)

强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday

2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to

when since as

答案 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。

It is /was +时间+ since…其中is<---> has been was <---> had

用助动词进行强调

强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。

She does like this

她的确喜欢这匹马。

Please do take care of

千万保重。

反意疑问句

1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't

I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5)陈述部分有have to + (had to + )，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7)陈述部分有had better + 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8)陈述部分有would rather +，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9)陈述部分有You'd like to + 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?

What a smell, isn't it?

12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn't he?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

句子类型（4）

(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……

Don’t make the same

Don’t look out of the

(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写

祈使句=You must ……

Be = you must be

Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any

Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……?

Please read after me = Will you please read after me?

句子类型（5）

反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成，中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式：

① 陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式;

He is stupid, isn’t he?

② 陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式;

He doesn’t like sports, does he?

(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。

You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?

注意：

① used to用在句中时，也可用usen’t 或usedn’t来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =

He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?

② 当陈述句中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one时，疑问部分通常要用they来代替。

Everybody admires him, don’t they?

③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词，如never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定形式。

He never speaks loudly, does he?

④ 当陈述句部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问部分的主语要用

Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?

Everything is in good order, isn’t it?

⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall, will。

Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，所以反意疑问句为“shall we?”, let me 和let us表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”，其他行为动词引起的祈使句，反意疑问句都为“will you?”。祈使句的反意疑问句通常只有肯定形式。

Let’s go for a walk, shall we?

Let’s stop for a rest, will you?

⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be”的现在时，对人的感叹，用“he”“you”等，对事物的感叹，用“it”，而且疑问部分必须用否定式。

What a clever boy, isn’t he?

What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it?

句子类型（6）

Let作为动词常常用于祈使句，但表达意义不相同

Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。

Let’s go to school together!Let me try

Let表示“间接命令或愿望”，后面接第三人称代词作宾语。

Let him work out the problem by

Let Li Ping be

感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种：

What + 名词词组;

What a beautiful day it is!

How + 形容词或副词

How well they have learned English!

How well he swims!

注意：

What 修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可以用how来引导感叹句，但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。

What a beautiful park!

How beautiful a park it is!补充练习

句子类型（7）

主语与谓语的一致，句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如：

I was having dinner when he came

He is now working at a

①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致，修饰词不影响主语的数：

The quality of this kind of bike is

There be结构和其他倒装句中，谓语通常放在主语的前面，这时谓语是单数还是复数，要依后面的主语而定，如：

There is no milk in the

There are no students iin the

②“one of ……”结构作主语，谓语应该用单数。如：

One of the students is

Making things is a good

What hurt her most is his

③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词，由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：

Susan and Sally like pop

The worker and the peasant are going to give us a

④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时，主语不受这些词或词组的影响

with…. like…as well as…together with…

He, as well as his classmates, likes popular

Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these

⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致

Neither I nor my brother is good at

Either you or I’m

注意：表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语通常也用单数形式。如：

Ten pounds is

Two hours is a long

句子类型（8）

Let作为动词常常用于祈使句，但表达意义不相同

Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。

Let’s go to school together!Let me try

Let表示“间接命令或愿望”，后面接第三人称代词作宾语。

Let him work out the problem by

Let Li Ping be

感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种：

What + 名词词组;

What a beautiful day it is!

How + 形容词或副词

How well they have learned English!

How well he swims!

注意：

What 修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可以用how来引导感叹句，但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。

What a beautiful park!

How beautiful a park it is!补充练习

句子类型（9）

雅思听力句子完成题的3种主要类型讲解为大家带来句子完成题的3种主要类别展示和分析。句子完成题的解题关键在于知道空格里面要填的是什么类型的词语，是人物，地点，原因，还是其他的。然后带着问题去听力中找答案。它的难点在于题干中的句式和原文中的句式是不同的，因此我们需要进行转换。

句子完成在雅思考试听力部分4个section中均有出现的可能，且难度跨度较大，其最大的特征是句子结构和听力原文相比变化较大，因此考生在定位上会有比较大的障碍，换而言之，对于听力理解的要求增高了。

分析认为，在进行句子填空题的读题时，空前后两边相邻的一些关键信息像介词，连词，动词等是我们着重要关注的，比如and, or, either… or …, both … and …, 等，这些词左右两边的语法结构应该保持一致。

“二合一转述”之“并列关系转述”

并列连词的出现尤为关键，是因为“二合一”转述是雅思听力中最高频的含义转述方式之一，在题目中以and连接为主要形式之一，不管是在平时练习还是考试都需要予以重视。观察一些例子：

【原创范例】(1)There are high-speed trains in Japan and ……….

(2)Float records changes in salinity and ……….

(3)Realists focused on events that were ……… and typical rather than

(4)Some governments encourage the new industry by ………. and offering extra tax

【范例剖析】看过这四个例子会发现：

第1题中，and左边是“Japan”，因此其右应当是一个“国家”或“地区”。

第2题and左边是名词“salinity”那么右边空同样也是“名词”。

而第3题空右方“typical”是形容词，根据语法结构此处同样是“形容词”。

第4题and左边有by，而右边是offering extra tax breaks,因此我们完全可以推断此处应填“动名词词组”。

【范例原文】

(1) These kind of trains can be found not only in Japan but also in

(2) It collects all sorts of data, most importantly variations in salinity – that’s salt levels - and the

changes in

(3) However, as to the Realists, it seems that more emphasis was put on ordinary and typical events, rather than extraordinary or

(4) Some governments subsidize this While in some countries, you do not have to pay as much tax on the purchase of a hybrid car as you would have to on a regular This is generally called a tax break

【范例答案】

(1) Italy

(2) temperature 或 changes in temperature

(3) ordinary

(4) subsidizing (the) technology

“二合一转述”之“因果关系转述”

以上是二合一转述中的“并列”转述。二合一转述中还有一类较为常见的“因果关系”转述。

【典型范例】The insulation might cause the Earth ……………

【范例原文】The insulation might get Because of this, the Earth might get

【范例剖析】听题过程中，because一词的出现应迅速对应上题目中的cause，此处答案为: get warmer

“因果关系”转述的特点决定了在考试中，一些表示因果关系的词的出现也必须引起重视，比如because, so, cause, lead to, generated by等。

特别在明显特征信号词难以把握的情况下，就要充分运用特殊信号词来帮助自己提高警惕，把握重点和主次。

【典型范例】Main focus of lecture: the impact of ………… on the occurrence of dust

【范例原文】As you know, dust storms have always been a feature of desert climates, but what we want to focus on today is the extent to which human activity is causing them

【范例剖析】除了but之外，此题另外一个帮助缩小定位的词就是causing一词，能够与题目中的impact迅速对应上。而此处的答案即为：human activity

“转述关系”之“主被动转述”

分析认为，除了“二合一”转述，雅思考试听力部分另外一类较为常见的转述方式是“主被动”句式转换。

【典型范例】The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by ………… who lived in the

【范例原文】At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here, on the bend in the

【范例剖析】读题时应能够判断这个句子是被动语态，那么原文使用主动语态的概率会相当大，即，句子的答案是主语部分，此处缺失的则是表示somebody的答案。

一般情况下，答案预测为somebody，那么答案可能性有两种，一种是“人名”，

另外一种是“职务”，在考试中，以考职务作为考点居多。

【范例答案】local craftsmen

【典型范例】The people of the town built a ………… of a

【范例原文】Just outside the country town of Gundagai, is a statue built to commemorate a dog

【范例剖析】此题同上也是原文和题目之间为主被动转换关系。只是题目中是主动句，那此时首先在读题时要有这个意识，可能原文考点内容将以被动句式出现。

当然，若能在读题时判断所需要填的答案为built sth，建造什么东西，什么建筑物之类的宾语，那么在听题时利用预测则能更加有针对性地捕捉到答案。在听到is a ……… built to 时，结合瞬间记忆可判断出，此处答案为：statue

【典型范例】According to the accommodation rules, ………… can’t be

【范例原文】You must remember that no changes can be made to meal times

【范例剖析】此题中除了明显的主被动句式转化之外，还有change这一词在名、动两种词性之间的转换，即，原文录音中的no changes和题目中的can’t be changed意义相同。此处答案为：meal times

【温馨提示】同以“but”为代表的“转折关系”和以“because”为代表的“因果关系”信号词一样，表示“强调”的特殊关系信号词的出现亦需要提高警惕，以防存在考点，例如通过以上两个范例可以发现，原文中在强调词“just”和“must”之后均为答案集中点。

句子完成纵有难度，然而，一旦考生能够将这一题型掌握得较为透彻，对于其他题型例如table completion(复杂表格)、summary completion(段落填空)、flow chart completion(流程填空)等的解答也将是有一定的帮助作用的。因此，强烈建议考生千万要加强对句子完成综合思路的理解和把握。

句子类型（10）

高频词：

pills药丸

tablet药片ca

psule胶囊

mixture合剂e

ye drops眼药水

syrup糖浆

pad药棉块

vitamin维他命

penicillin盘尼西林

antibiotic抗生素

ointment药膏m

edication药物

aspirin阿司匹林

cold cure感冒药

sweating medicine发汗药

febrifuge退烧药