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2022高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及方法

静*** 21-12-14 高三英语

主旨大意题

这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。

归纳标题题

特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语;涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思;精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：

What’s the best title for the text?

The best title for this passage is

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

真题范例

Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means Red is a symbol of good luck in many In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸).

People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward Green is said to be the most restful It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach

Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's

Blue is another calming Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can

The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color

Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

Colors and Human Beings

The Cultural Meaning of Color

Colors and Personal Experiences

The Meaning and Function of Color

答案：D

概括大意题

包括寻找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)，常见命题形式有：

What is the general/main idea of the passage? Which of the following expresses the main idea? What is the subject discussed in the text?

BThe writer of the story wants to tell us The passage/ text is mainly What’s the article mainly about ?

★真题范例

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,

Q: What is the main idea of the passage? __

How Joshua Bingham became a

Bingham is a diligent

Joshua Bingham received an excellent

A good lawyer needs good

答案：C

解题思路:此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 C。

解题技巧

阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况。

位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系;如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。

位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently;in conclusion，in short;in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。

位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释;或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。

首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。

无明确主题句：找关键词(出现频率较高), 归纳总结。