arch试题（1）

According toparagraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:

isvisual

the cultural values of its

hasboth artistic and scientific

hasan indirect effect on

The word “feasible”in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

existence

question

likely

The word “enhance”in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

Which of thesentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlightedsentencein the passage (paragragh 3) ? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave out essential

laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be madewith materials discovered long

have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength,but physical laws of structure have not

people firststarted to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size wereinadequate because they were not based on physical

buildingmaterials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed overtime because they are based on physical

The word “devised”in the passage (paragragh 3) is closest in meaning to

The word “integral”(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to

According toparagraph 4, which of the following is true about materialsused in theconstruction of buildings?

newbuilding materials are hard to find, construction techniques have changed verylittle from past

availabilityof suitable building materials no longer limits the types of structures thatmay be

primarybuilding materials that are available today are wood, stone, and

inearlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large

In paragraph 4,what does the author imply about modern buildings?

occupy muchless space than buildings constructed one hundred years

are not verydifferent from the building of a few generations

weigh lessin relation to their size than buildings constructed one hundred years

take a longtime to build as a result of their complex construction

Which of thefollowing correctly characterizes the relationship between the human body andarchitecture that is described in paragraph 5?

equipmentinside buildings is the one element in modern architecture that resembles acomponent of the human

components inearly buildings were similar to three particular elements of the human

buildingshave components that are as likely to change as the human body

general,modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier

The word “arduous”in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to

Why does theauthor include a description of how the “doorways and windows”(paragraph 6) ofMachu Picchu were constructed?

indicate thatthe combined skeletons and skins of the stone buildings of Machu Picchu weresimilar to igloos and adobe structures

indicate thedifferent kinds of stones that had to be cut to build Machu Picchu

provide anillustration of the kind of construction that was required before arches wereinvented

explain howancient builders reduced the amount of time necessary to construct buildingsfrom stone

According toparagraph 6, which of the following statements is true ofthe arch?

Romans werethe first people to use the stone

invention ofthe arch allowed new architectural forms to be

arch workedby distributing the structural load of a building toward the center of

Romansfollowed earlier practices in their use of

Look at thefour squares [█] that indicate wherethe following sentence could be added to the

█ 【A】Modern architectural forms generally have three separate componentscomparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, anouter skin enclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and █ 【B】The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, █ 【C】Ofcourse in early architecture—such as igloos and adobestructures—there was no such equipment, and theskeleton and skin were often █ 【D】

Where would thesentence best fit?

Directions: Anintroductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express themost important ideas in the Some sentences do not belong in thesummary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or areminor ideas in the This question is worth 2

Architecture usesforms and space to express cultural

seekto create buildings that are both visually appealing and well suited for

the courseof the history of building, innovations in material and methods of constructionhave given architects ever greater freedom to express

buildings have been constructed like human bodies, needing distinct “organ”systems inorder to

clients andarchitects are responsible for the mediocre designs of some modern

buildingstend to lack the beauty of ancient stone buildings such as those of

discovery anduse of the arch typifies the way in which architecture advances by developingmore efficient types of

arch试题（2）

Architecture is theart and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space forpractical and symbolic Because architecture grows out of human needsand aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural Of all the visualarts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines thecharacter of the human environment in major

Architecture is athree-dimensional It utilizes space, mass, texture, line, light, To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with avariety of Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of It is the work of architects to createbuildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrichspace, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically client who pays for the building and defines its function is an importantmember of the architectural The mediocre design of many contemporarybuildings can be traced to both clients and

In order for thestructure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose,architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based onphysical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials havechanged ’s architecturalstructures have also beendevisedin relation to the objectivelimitations of Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they dealwith downward forces created by They are designed to withstand theforces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, ora combination of these in different parts of the

Even development in architecture has been the result of major technological Materials andmethods of construction are integralparts of the design of In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systemssuitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent newbuilding materials to suit the type of structure Enormous changes inmaterials and techniques of construction within the last few generations havemade it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with aminimum of Progress in this area can be measured by the difference inweight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built onehundred years

Modernarchitectural forms generally have three separate components comparable toelements of the human body: a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skinenclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and Theequipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, Of course in early architecture—suchas igloos and adobe structures—there was no suchequipment, and the skeleton and skin were often

Much of the world’s great architecture has beenconstructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and Inthe past, whole cities grew from thearduoustask of cutting and pilingstone Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchuhigh in the eastern Andes Mountains of Thedoorways andwindowsare made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beamsthat support the weight from A structural invention had to be madebefore the physical limitations of stone could be overcome and newarchitectural forms could be That invention was the arch, a curvedstructure originally made of separate stone or brick The arch wasused by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for undergrounddrains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensivelyin aboveground Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch madeof separate blocks of As a method of spanning space, the arch cansupport greater weight than a horizontal It works in compression todivert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by thevertical elements on either side of the The arch is among the manyimportant structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecturethroughout the

arch试题（3）

题排除法，以visual art做关键词定位至本段最后一句，A对，不选;以cultural values做关键词定位至第二句，B对，不选;以artistic and scientific dimensions做关键词定位至第一句，C对，不选;D选项与A选项在同一句，indirect effect和directly的原文说反，错，选

可行的，原文说了建筑的若干优点，比如提供遮风避雨的场所，丰富了空间，经济上怎么样，肯定是个正面的词，A存在中性，错;B没有问题，虽然是正面但太过，不选，C正确，D非常可能虽然正面，但程度不足，不选

词汇题，问的是第二段第三句中的enhance，备选项分别是protect, improve, organize, match，enhance提高，原文中与enhance their way of life并列的动词是shelter，庇护之意，所以再选protect的话重叠，而且也不应该是保护他们的生活方式;organize组织match搭配都不能与庇护并列，所以improve改善生活方式最靠谱

order for只是一个表目的的状语，暂时放弃不看，同时because那部分插入语不看，整个句子就变成了建筑师们采用的方法是不变的，尽管建筑材料发生了很大变化。A没说原文的建筑材料发生了很大变化，而且law没有限制size and strength，所以完全不对;B错在in order的那个状语部分，increase原文没说;C说not based on physical laws与原文相反，错，D正确

设计，所在句说全世界的建筑也要怎么样根据简直材料的限制，因为有also，所以是接着前一句的，前句在上题中已经分析过了，说建筑师为了达到要求采用了多种方法，说明建筑的产生应该是一个从无到有的过程，所以B选项create最合适，A联合C介绍，引进D建议，表明都不对

完整的，构成整体的，原文说建筑材料和建筑方法是建筑什么样的部分，代入选项也知道应该是A重要的部分，B可变的C实际的都不靠谱，D独立的虽然意思基本说的通，但明显违反原文，建筑材料和方法应该是互相影响的，不能独立

以material为关键词定位至本段第二句和第三句，说以前必须根据建筑材料来设计建筑，现在我们可以发明新材料，A说不容易找到新材料，反了;C的三种材料应该是以前不是现在;D没说;B说现在建筑材料充分，不会再影响建筑设计，是原文的意思，正确

以modern buildings做关键词定位至最后一句，说比较现在和一百年前大小相似的建筑的重量我们就能发现建筑技术所取得的进步，也就是以前的重现在的轻，所以答案是C，其他的都没说

本段将建筑结构与人体的结构进行了比较，发现;额三个共同点，排除法，A以equipment做关键词定位至第一句的最后半句，equipment像的应该是vital organs and systems，不是一个component;以early building做关键词定位至文章最后一句，skeleton和skin是一样的，所以和人不同;C的change原文没说;D正确因为原文说现代建筑像人体，以前的建筑的skeleton和skin是一个，所以现代建筑比之前的建筑更像人体

艰巨的，困难的。原文说过去整个城市都是靠切割和堆积石头搞定的，这个任务肯定是比较困难的，而代入原文的话似乎有技巧的和有必要的也是靠谱的，但D分享的一定不对，如果说切割是需要技巧的话，堆积应该是不需要的，注意不要联想。堆积和切割石头一定是造城市的必要任务么?可以用木头和其他的建筑材料，所以necessary太偏了，正确答案difficult

修辞目的题，读doorways and windows所在的一句话，说门窗是通过把承的石头横梁放在space上面形成的，读前一句的时候发现也是个例子，所以不是答案，往下句看，说想克服石头带给建筑的障碍，必须有一个新发明。按照原文，门窗的形成是一种克服石头带来的障碍的一种方法，所以答案是C

以arch为关键词定位至thatinvention was the arch句，接上题看到的那句，想克服石头带给建筑的障碍，必须有一个新发明，这个发明就是arch，所以说arch的出现使得其他建筑方法成为可能，B正确。罗马人是第一个把arch广泛用在地上建筑的，不是第一个用arch的，A错，也没follow前人的方法，D错;是把压力分散，divert，不是往中点集中，C说反

和again unifying都说明正确插入点之前必须说把skeleton and skin分开，所以A和B不对，C之后的suchequipment指代C之前的内容，过渡紧密，不适合插入句子，所以D是正确答案

选项对应全文首段首句，正确

Over选项对应第四段第三句和第三段首句，正确

Throughout选项与第五段首句相反，错

Both选项是细节，不选

Modern选项错，因为原文没说现代的建筑不好看，不选

The discovery选项第六段最后一句，正确

arch试题（4）

Architecture is theart and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space forpractical and symbolic Because architecture grows out of human needsand aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural Of all the visualarts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines thecharacter of the human environment in major

Architecture is athree-dimensional It utilizes space, mass, texture, line, light, To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with avariety of Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of It is the work of architects to createbuildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrichspace, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically client who pays for the building and defines its function is an importantmember of the architectural The mediocre design of many contemporarybuildings can be traced to both clients and

In order for thestructure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose,architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based onphysical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials havechanged ’s architecturalstructures have also beendevisedin relation to the objectivelimitations of Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they dealwith downward forces created by They are designed to withstand theforces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, ora combination of these in different parts of the

Even development in architecture has been the result of major technological Materials andmethods of construction are integralparts of the design of In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systemssuitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent newbuilding materials to suit the type of structure Enormous changes inmaterials and techniques of construction within the last few generations havemade it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with aminimum of Progress in this area can be measured by the difference inweight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built onehundred years

Modernarchitectural forms generally have three separate components comparable toelements of the human body: a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skinenclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and Theequipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, Of course in early architecture—suchas igloos and adobe structures—there was no suchequipment, and the skeleton and skin were often

Much of the world’s great architecture has beenconstructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and Inthe past, whole cities grew from thearduoustask of cutting and pilingstone Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecture can be seen in the ruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchuhigh in the eastern Andes Mountains of Thedoorways andwindowsare made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beamsthat support the weight from A structural invention had to be madebefore the physical limitations of stone could be overcome and newarchitectural forms could be That invention was the arch, a curvedstructure originally made of separate stone or brick The arch wasused by the early cultures of the Mediterranean area chiefly for undergrounddrains, but it was the Romans who first developed and used the arch extensivelyin aboveground Roman builders perfected the semicircular arch madeof separate blocks of As a method of spanning space, the arch cansupport greater weight than a horizontal It works in compression todivert the weight above it out to the sides, where the weight is borne by thevertical elements on either side of the The arch is among the manyimportant structural breakthroughs that have characterized architecturethroughout the

arch试题（5）

According toparagraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:

isvisual

the cultural values of its

hasboth artistic and scientific

hasan indirect effect on

The word “feasible”in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

existence

question

likely

The word “enhance”in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to

Which of thesentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlightedsentencein the passage (paragragh 3) ? Incorrect choices change themeaning in important ways or leave out essential

laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be madewith materials discovered long

have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength,but physical laws of structure have not

people firststarted to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size wereinadequate because they were not based on physical

buildingmaterials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed overtime because they are based on physical

The word “devised”in the passage (paragragh 3) is closest in meaning to

The word “integral”(paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to

According toparagraph 4, which of the following is true about materialsused in theconstruction of buildings?

newbuilding materials are hard to find, construction techniques have changed verylittle from past

availabilityof suitable building materials no longer limits the types of structures thatmay be

primarybuilding materials that are available today are wood, stone, and

inearlier times did not have enough building materials to enclose large

In paragraph 4,what does the author imply about modern buildings?

occupy muchless space than buildings constructed one hundred years

are not verydifferent from the building of a few generations

weigh lessin relation to their size than buildings constructed one hundred years

take a longtime to build as a result of their complex construction

Which of thefollowing correctly characterizes the relationship between the human body andarchitecture that is described in paragraph 5?

equipmentinside buildings is the one element in modern architecture that resembles acomponent of the human

components inearly buildings were similar to three particular elements of the human

buildingshave components that are as likely to change as the human body

general,modern buildings more closely resemble the human body than earlier

The word “arduous”in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to

Why does theauthor include a description of how the “doorways and windows”(paragraph 6) ofMachu Picchu were constructed?

indicate thatthe combined skeletons and skins of the stone buildings of Machu Picchu weresimilar to igloos and adobe structures

indicate thedifferent kinds of stones that had to be cut to build Machu Picchu

provide anillustration of the kind of construction that was required before arches wereinvented

explain howancient builders reduced the amount of time necessary to construct buildingsfrom stone

According toparagraph 6, which of the following statements is true ofthe arch?

Romans werethe first people to use the stone

invention ofthe arch allowed new architectural forms to be

arch workedby distributing the structural load of a building toward the center of

Romansfollowed earlier practices in their use of

Look at thefour squares [█] that indicate wherethe following sentence could be added to the

█ 【A】Modern architectural forms generally have three separate componentscomparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, anouter skin enclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and █ 【B】The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, █ 【C】Ofcourse in early architecture—such as igloos and adobestructures—there was no such equipment, and theskeleton and skin were often █ 【D】

Where would thesentence best fit?

Directions: Anintroductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express themost important ideas in the Some sentences do not belong in thesummary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or areminor ideas in the This question is worth 2

Architecture usesforms and space to express cultural

seekto create buildings that are both visually appealing and well suited for

the courseof the history of building, innovations in material and methods of constructionhave given architects ever greater freedom to express

buildings have been constructed like human bodies, needing distinct “organ”systems inorder to

clients andarchitects are responsible for the mediocre designs of some modern

buildingstend to lack the beauty of ancient stone buildings such as those of

discovery anduse of the arch typifies the way in which architecture advances by developingmore efficient types of

arch试题（6）

题排除法，以visual art做关键词定位至本段最后一句，A对，不选;以cultural values做关键词定位至第二句，B对，不选;以artistic and scientific dimensions做关键词定位至第一句，C对，不选;D选项与A选项在同一句，indirect effect和directly的原文说反，错，选

可行的，原文说了建筑的若干优点，比如提供遮风避雨的场所，丰富了空间，经济上怎么样，肯定是个正面的词，A存在中性，错;B没有问题，虽然是正面但太过，不选，C正确，D非常可能虽然正面，但程度不足，不选

词汇题，问的是第二段第三句中的enhance，备选项分别是protect, improve, organize, match，enhance提高，原文中与enhance their way of life并列的动词是shelter，庇护之意，所以再选protect的话重叠，而且也不应该是保护他们的生活方式;organize组织match搭配都不能与庇护并列，所以improve改善生活方式最靠谱

order for只是一个表目的的状语，暂时放弃不看，同时because那部分插入语不看，整个句子就变成了建筑师们采用的方法是不变的，尽管建筑材料发生了很大变化。A没说原文的建筑材料发生了很大变化，而且law没有限制size and strength，所以完全不对;B错在in order的那个状语部分，increase原文没说;C说not based on physical laws与原文相反，错，D正确

设计，所在句说全世界的建筑也要怎么样根据简直材料的限制，因为有also，所以是接着前一句的，前句在上题中已经分析过了，说建筑师为了达到要求采用了多种方法，说明建筑的产生应该是一个从无到有的过程，所以B选项create最合适，A联合C介绍，引进D建议，表明都不对

完整的，构成整体的，原文说建筑材料和建筑方法是建筑什么样的部分，代入选项也知道应该是A重要的部分，B可变的C实际的都不靠谱，D独立的虽然意思基本说的通，但明显违反原文，建筑材料和方法应该是互相影响的，不能独立

以material为关键词定位至本段第二句和第三句，说以前必须根据建筑材料来设计建筑，现在我们可以发明新材料，A说不容易找到新材料，反了;C的三种材料应该是以前不是现在;D没说;B说现在建筑材料充分，不会再影响建筑设计，是原文的意思，正确

以modern buildings做关键词定位至最后一句，说比较现在和一百年前大小相似的建筑的重量我们就能发现建筑技术所取得的进步，也就是以前的重现在的轻，所以答案是C，其他的都没说

本段将建筑结构与人体的结构进行了比较，发现;额三个共同点，排除法，A以equipment做关键词定位至第一句的最后半句，equipment像的应该是vital organs and systems，不是一个component;以early building做关键词定位至文章最后一句，skeleton和skin是一样的，所以和人不同;C的change原文没说;D正确因为原文说现代建筑像人体，以前的建筑的skeleton和skin是一个，所以现代建筑比之前的建筑更像人体

艰巨的，困难的。原文说过去整个城市都是靠切割和堆积石头搞定的，这个任务肯定是比较困难的，而代入原文的话似乎有技巧的和有必要的也是靠谱的，但D分享的一定不对，如果说切割是需要技巧的话，堆积应该是不需要的，注意不要联想。堆积和切割石头一定是造城市的必要任务么?可以用木头和其他的建筑材料，所以necessary太偏了，正确答案difficult

修辞目的题，读doorways and windows所在的一句话，说门窗是通过把承的石头横梁放在space上面形成的，读前一句的时候发现也是个例子，所以不是答案，往下句看，说想克服石头带给建筑的障碍，必须有一个新发明。按照原文，门窗的形成是一种克服石头带来的障碍的一种方法，所以答案是C

以arch为关键词定位至thatinvention was the arch句，接上题看到的那句，想克服石头带给建筑的障碍，必须有一个新发明，这个发明就是arch，所以说arch的出现使得其他建筑方法成为可能，B正确。罗马人是第一个把arch广泛用在地上建筑的，不是第一个用arch的，A错，也没follow前人的方法，D错;是把压力分散，divert，不是往中点集中，C说反

和again unifying都说明正确插入点之前必须说把skeleton and skin分开，所以A和B不对，C之后的suchequipment指代C之前的内容，过渡紧密，不适合插入句子，所以D是正确答案

选项对应全文首段首句，正确

Over选项对应第四段第三句和第三段首句，正确

Throughout选项与第五段首句相反，错

Both选项是细节，不选

Modern选项错，因为原文没说现代的建筑不好看，不选

The discovery选项第六段最后一句，正确