1。 直接引语为陈述句,变为间接引语时常由连词that 引导,前面的动词用say,tell 等。
eg。 The teacher said , "John , you must bring your book to the class。
The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class。
  
2。 直接引语为一般疑问句,变为 以whether ,if 等引导的宾语从句,前面的动词常用say, ask, wonder等。
eg。 He said to us , "Are you going away today "
He asked us whether we were going away that day。
  
3。 直接引语为特殊疑问句,变为间接引语 时,其关联词用本身的疑问代词或疑问副词。
eg 。 "Who will help me finish the job " she asked。
She asked who would help her finish the job。
  
" What have you done " he asked。
He asked what I had done。
4。 直接引语为选择疑问句,变为间接引语时应用whether…
…or…
eg。 "Do you like tea or coffee " She asked me 。
  
She asked me whether I like tea or coffee。
5。直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语多用ask/tell/ dosth句型。eg。 I said to her , "Please give me a glass of water。
  "
I asked her to give me a glass of water。
6。 直接引语为感叹句,变为以感叹词引导的宾语从句。
eg。 "What a brave boy you are !" She told him。
She told him what a brave boy he was。
  
7。 人称, 时态,时间状语等其它方面的变化。
时态:1)。 主句为现在时或将来时态时,不变。
eg。 He says, " I'm tired。"
He says he is tired。
He will say , "The boy was lazy。
  "
He will tell you that the boy was lazy。
2)。 主句为过去时态时,间接引语的时态要做相应的变化。
一般现在时—— 一般过去时 
现在完成时——过去完成时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般过去时——过去完成时
现在完成进行时——过去完成进行时
过去进行时——过去完成进行时
eg。
   He said , " The rain was falling yesterday。"
He said that the rain had been falling the day before。
时间状语的变化:
now---then ago---before today----that day
tomorrow----the next day ;the following day
yesterday----the day before 
the day before yesterday-----two days before
the day after tomorrow----two days later。
  
next week----the next week
so far----by then
。