2022高中冲刺英语知识点复习
各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:
一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词
例如:Rice is planted in the south of
一般过去时was/were+过去分词
例如:These trees were planted the year before
一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our
现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词
例如:Your radio is being repaired
过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词
When he got there,the problem was being
现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词
His work has been
Has his work been finished? Yes,it ,it hasn’
过去完成时had+been+过去分词
注意:除了be之外的其它系动词如get,stay等也可以和过
去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got
含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this
This work can’t be done until
含有“be going to”,“be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to+be+过去分词”和“be to+be+过去分词”。例如:The problem is going to be discussed at the next
All these books are to be taken to the
被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注
意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:
The map was changed by (被动结构)
That custom remained unchanged for many (系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如:He was very (系表结构)
He was much excited by her (被动结构)
主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。
例如:These books sell 这些书很畅销。
The door won’t 这门关不上。
The clothes wash 这些衣服很好洗。