四级真题（1）

partⅰ listening comprehension (20 minutes) 

section a

directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what war both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once: after each question there will be a during the pause, you maxi read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is, the best then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the

example: you will hear:

you will read:

a) at the b) in the waiting c) at the d) in a restaurant

from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the this conversation is most likely to have taken place at the therefore, a) "at the office" is the best you should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the

sample answer [a] [b] [c] id]

a) they went a long way to attend the

b) they didn't think much of the food and

c) they knew none of the other guests at the

d) they enjoyed the party better than the other

a) to the c) to the

b) to the dentist' d) to the post

a) andrews has been promoted for his

b) she disagrees with andrews on many

c) andrews used to keep his patients

d) she dislikes andrews as much as the new

a) tom is usually c) tom has dozens of things to attend

b) tom has a very bad d) tom is disliked by his

a) to pickup the woman from the  

b) to make a copy of the schedule for his

c) to find out more about the topic for the  

d) to get the seminar schedule for the

a) the woman has to get the textbooks in other

b) the woman has sold her used textbooks to the

c) the man is going to buy his textbooks from a

d) the man doesn't want to sell his textbooks to the

a) attend a  

b) give a

c) meet his  

d) make a business

8 a) jessie always says what she  

b) jessie seems to have a lot on her

c) jessie is wrong to find fault with her  

d) jessie should know the marketing director t

a) heien is  

b) helen is  

c) helen is

d) helen is

a) jimmy will regret marrying a  

b) jimmy is not serious in making

c) jimmy is rich enough to buy a big  

d) jimmy's words are often not

section b

directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short at the end of each passage, you will hear some both the passage and the questions will be spoken only after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the

passage one

questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just

a) it can be used by farmers to protect large

b) it was brought to the northern usa by asian

c) it has done more harm than good in the southern

d) it was introduced into the usa to kill harmful

a) people will have to rely on kudzu for a

b) they will soon be overgrown with

c) they will become too hard to

d) people will find it hard to protect the

a) the farmers there have brought it under  

b) the factories there have found a good use for

c) the climate there is unfavorable to its  

d) the soil there is not so suitable for the

passage two

questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just

a) a business  

b) the universe as a  

c) a society of legal [page]

d) an association of teachers and

a) its largest expansion took place during that  

b) its role in society went through a dramatic

c) small universities combined to form bigger

d) provincial colleges were taken over by larger

a) private  

b) government

c) grants from  

d) fees paid by

passage three

questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just

a) he was wounded in the spanish civil  

b) he was interested in the study of wild

c) he started the organization heifer

d) he sold his cows to many countries in the

a) to help starving families to become

b) to make plans for the development of poor

c) to teach people how to use new skills to raise

d) to distribute food to the poor around the

a) they should help other families the way they have been

b) they should offer all baby animals to their poor

c) they should submit a report of their needs and

d) they should provide food for the local

a) it has improved animal breeding skills all over the

b) it has helped relieve hunger in some developing

c) it has promoted international exchange of farming

d) it has bridged the gap between the rich and the poor in

partⅱ reading comprehension (35 minutes)

directions: there are 4 passages in this part, each passage is followed by some questions at unfinished for each of them there are four choices marked a) , b) , c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the

questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent enhanced by chronic (长久的 ) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for

professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of they may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new they may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second

when applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (cv). the two terms generally mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document describing one's educational qualifications and professional however, guidelines for preparing a r6sum6 are constantly the best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring the challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one the following list is a good place to

"educational requirements differ from country to in almost every case of 'cross- border' job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not bean adequate provide the reader with details about your studies and any related " daohangtigong

pay attention to the resume format you use-chronological or reverse-chronological chronological order means listing your 'oldest' work experience reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience most countries have preferences about which format is most if you find no specific the general preference is for the reverse-chronological "

if you are submitting your resume in english, find out if the recipient （收件人) uses british english or american english because there are variations between the two for example, university education is often referred to as 'tertiary education' in the united kingdom, but this term is almost never used in the united a reader who is unfamiliar with these variations may assume that your resume contains [page]

companies are hiring more foreign employees because

a) they find foreign employees are usually more talented

b) they need original ideas from employees hired overseas

c) they want to expand their business beyond home borders

d) they have difficulty finding qualified personnel at home

the author believes that an individual who applies to work overseas

a) is usually creative and full of initiative

b) aims to improve his foreign language skills

c) is dissatisfied with his own life at home

d) seeks either his own or his children's development

when it comes to resume writing, it is best to

a) take cultural factors into consideration

b) learn about the company's hiring process

c) follow appropriate guidelines for job hunting

d) know the employer's personal likes and dislikes

when writing about qualifications, applicants are advised to

a) stress their academic potential to impress the decision maker

b) give the title of the university degree they have earned at home

c) provide a detailed description of their study and work experiences

d) highlight their keen interest in pursuing a 'cross-border' career

according to the author's last piece of advice, the applicants should be aware of

a) the different educational systems in the us and the uk

b) the differences between the varieties of english

c) the recipient's preference with regard to the format

d) the distinctive features of american and british cultures

questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing women's education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social and economics, with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an

parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school - the prophecy （预言) becomes self- fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle (恶性循环) of

an educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of she is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair the education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and the vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous

few will dispute that educating women has great social but it has enormous economic advantages as most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family

the author argues that educating girls in developing countries is

a) troublesome 

b) labor-saving 

c) rewarding

d) expensive

by saying " the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling " (lines 2). the author means that

a) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys

b) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreams

c) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reach

d) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home

the author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when[page]

a) women care more about education

b) girls can gain equal access to education

c) a family has fewer but healthier children

d) parents can afford their daughters' education

what does the author say about women's education?

a) it deserves greater attention than other social

b) it is now given top priority in many developing

c) it will yield greater returns than other known

d) it has aroused the interest of a growing number of

7be passage mainly discusses

a) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countries

b) the potential earning power of well-educated women

c) the major contributions of educated women to society

d) the economic and social benefits of educating women

passage three 

questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great but he is in for an unwelcome the car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it

the idea goes like a control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro- processor and memory, and a gps (全球定位系统) satellite positioning ff the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine being daoahngtigong

in the uk, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car 'the pattern of vehicle crime has changed,' says martyn randall, a security he says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of but only if the car is more than 10 years

modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique id code beamed out by the ignition (点火) in the uk, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since

but determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owner's and key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking

if the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their id, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been the hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the gps

staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle's movements via the car's gps

what's the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?

a) to help the police make a surprise attack on the car

b) to allow the car to lock automatically when

c) to prevent the car thief from restarting it once it

d) to prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car

by saying 'the pattern of vehicle crime has changed' (lines 3). martyn randall suggests that

a) it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing

b) self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft

c) the thief has to make use of computer technology

d) the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old

what is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?

a) a coded ignition c) a special cellphone

b) a unique id d) a gps satellite positioning

why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?

a) to leave time for the operations centre to give an

b) to keep police informed of the car's

c) to give the driver time to contact the operations

d) to allow for possible errors in the gps

what will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?[page]

a) start the tracking

b) contact the car  

c) block the car

d) locate the missing

passage four 

questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

psychiatrists 精神病专家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing - older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their but raising kids takes money and many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents' biggest, and often unspoken, having late-life children, says an economics often means parents, particularly fathers, "end up retiring much " for many, retirement becomes an unobtainable

henry a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise but he's also worried that his energy will give out sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he's learned that young at heart doesn't mean lately he's been taking afternoon naps (午睡) daohang to keep up his "my body is aging," says "you can't get away from "

often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh "they worry they'll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they'll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school," says joann galst, a new york but at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: "that they won't be alive long enough to support and protect their child," she

many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right after marrying late and undergoing years of fertilily (受孕) treatment, marilyn nolen and her randy, had "we both wanted children," says marilyn, who was 55 when she gave the twins have given the couple what they desired for years, "a sense of " kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their 'the dads are older, more mature," says silber, "and more ready to focus on "

why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?

a) older parents are often better prepared

b) older parents can take better care of their

c) older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their

d) older parents can better balance their resources against children's

what does the author mean by saying "for many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream" (lines 7-8, 1)?

a) they are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement

b) they can't obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed

c) they can't get full pension unless they work some extra

d) they have to go on working beyond their retirement

the author gives the example of henry metcalf to show that

a) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children

b) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age

c) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies

d) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy

what's the biggest fear of older parents according to new york psychologist joan galst?

a) approaching of c) being laughed at by other

b) slowing down of their pace of d) being mistaken for

what do we learn about marilyn and randy nolen?

a) they thought they were an example of successful fertility

b) not until they reached middle age did they think of having

c) not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a

d) they believed that children born of older parents would be [page]

part iii vocabulary (20 minutes)

directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences it: this for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose cite one answer that best completes the then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the

people's expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their state

a) current 

b) initial 

c) modern

d) primitive

after working all day, he was so tired that he was in no to go to the party with

a) taste 

b) mood

c) sense

d) emotion

there is already clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate

a) witness 

b) certification 

c) identity

d) evidence

many women still feel that they are being by a male culture, particularly in the professional services

a) held back 

b) held forth 

c) held on

d) held out

the findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and

a) privileges 

b) possibilities 

c) possessions

d) preferences

it's good to know that quite a few popular english expressions actually from the

a) acquire 

b) obtain

c) derive

d) result

tom, did it ever to you that you would be punished for cheating on exams?

a) happen 

b) occur 

c) reflect

d) strike

in the us, 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is to sell

cigarettes to anyone under that

a) liable 

b) liberal 

c) irrational

d) illegal

according to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facial

a) feature 

b) hint 

c) spot

d) signature

brarll's constitution the military use of nuclear

a) withdraws 

b) forbids 

c) interrupts

d) objects

some people argue that the death does not necessarily reduce the number of

a) plot 

b) practice 

c) penalty

d) pattern

many personnel managers say it is getting harder and harder to honest applicants from the growing number of dishonest

a) distinguish 

b) disguise 

c) dissolve

d) discount

a study shows that students living in non-smoking dorms are less likely to the habit of

a) make up 

b) turn up 

c) draw up

d) pickup

almost all job applicants are determined to leave a good on a potential

a) illusion 

b) reputation 

c) impression

d) reflection

a special feature of education at mit is the opportunity for students and faculty to together

in research

a) specialize 

b) participate 

c) consist

d) involve

although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to

their comfortable

a) come in for 

b) catch up with 

c) look forward to

d) hold on to

although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to

the

a) relate 

b) tackle 

c) file

d) attach

an important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the of your

a) state 

b) case 

c) situation

d) circumstance

research shows that there is no relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about

a) successive 

b) subsequent 

c)significant

d) sincere

sadly, as spending on private gardens has , spending on public parks has generally  

a) heightened 

b) lifted 

c) flown

d) soared

lung cancer, like some other cancers, often doesn't produce until it is too late and has spread beyond the chest to the brain, liver or

a) trails 

b) therapies 

c) symptoms

d) symbols

with the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be

a) laid off 

b) laid aside 

c) laid out

d) laid up

the physical differences between men and women can be directly to our basic n as hunters and

a) pursued 

b) traced 

c) switched

d) followed

it is clear that the dog has a much greater of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with

a) composition [page]

b) compound 

c) percent

d) proportion

american college students are increasingly with credit card debt and the consequences can be rather

a) boosted 

b) burdened 

c) discharged

d) dominated

numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom

a) performance 

b) function

c) behavior 

d) display

the most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and fife skills the learned in sports and them to another area of

a) utilize 

b) employ 

c) apply

d) exert

the technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been only to the very

a) manageable 

b) measurable 

c) acceptable

d) affordable

being out of work, lane can no longer friends to dinners and movies as she used

a) urge 

b) treat 

c) appeal

d) compel

by the superstars on television, the young athletes trained hard and played

a) imitated 

b) imposed 

c) insured

d) inspired

part iv cloze (15 minutes)

directions: there are 20 blanks in the following for each blank there are jour choices marked a). b). c) and d) on the right side of the you should choose the one that best fits into the then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the

the part of the environmental movement that draws my firm's attention is the design of buildings and when we designed america's first so-called "green" office building in new york two decades 7l_, we felt very but today, thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the 72 that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to 73 .

back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren't designed for 74 the "energy-efficient" sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 75 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and so far 20 we've been focusing on these materials 76 to the molecules, looking for ways to make them 77 for people and the

home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release significantly _78_ amounts of organic compounds -that don't 79 the quality of the air, water, or 80_, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being "less bad" but on creating 81 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil _82_ reused by industry again and as a matter of _83, the world's largest carpet manufacturer has already _ 84_"_ a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable (可循环用的).

look at it this way: no one __85 out to create a building that destroys the but our current industrial systems are } 86 causing these conditions, whether we like it or so 87_ of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are _88_ a positive we're giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 89 effect on the it's not just the building industry, 90_ cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and portland, seattle and boston have said they want to be green chicago wants to be the greenest city in the

a) ago b) off c) before d) away

a) practice b) outlook c) idea d) scheme

a) go b) come c) arrive d) continue

a) indoor b) inward c) relevant d) flexible

a) displayed b) discovered c) exhibited d) revealed

a) back b) down c) next d) near

a) comfortable b) cautious c) safe d) stable

a) reduced b) revised c) descended d) delayed

a) deny b) depress c) dissolve d) destroy

a) besides b) however c) anyhow d) anyway

a)partially b) exactly c) completely d) superficially

)or b)and c) but d) nor

a) interest b) fact c) principle d) course

a) sketched b) constructed c) researched d) developed[page]

a) starts b) pulls c) looks d) makes

a) basically b) originally c) traditionally d) inevitably

a) because b) out c) instead d) regardless

a) adjusting b) admitting c) adopting d) adapting

a) functional b) beneficial c) precious d) sensible

a) entire b) total c) full d) complete

part writing (30 minutes)

directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a poster recruiting you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:

四级真题（2）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend whowants to learn Please recommend a place to You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

t II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section, you will hear two long At the end of eachconversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s willbe spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven't started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven't won their parents'

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one's

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans'

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy's family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passagewith ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choicesgiven in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You maynot use any of the words in the bank more than

Finally, some good news about airplane If you are on a plane with a sickpassenger, you are unlikely to get That is the __26__ of a new study that lookedat how respiratory (呼吸道) viruses __27__ on Researchers found that onlypeople who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu, for example -- orone row in front of or behind that individual -- had a high risk of catching the Allother passengers had only a very __28__ chance of getting sick, according to Media reports have not necessarily presented __29__ information about the riskof getting infected on an airplane in the Therefore, these new findings should helpairplane passengers to feel less __30__ to catching respiratory infections while travelingby

Prior to the new study, little was known about the risks of getting __31__ infected bycommon respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, theresearchers So, to __32__ the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different __33__ in the during the flu The researchers found thatpassengers sitting within two seats on __34__ side of a person infected with the flu, aswell as those sitting one row in front of or behind this individual, had about an 80 percent chance of getting But other passengers were __35__ safe from They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the

A) accurate

B) conclusion

C) directly

D) either

E) evaluate

F) explorations

G) flights

H) largely

I) nearby

J) respond

K) slim

L) spread

M) summit

N) vividly

O) vulnerable

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphsIdentify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose aparagraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?

A) Along with old classics like "carrots give you night vision" and "Santa doesn't bringtoys to misbehaving children", one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parentseverywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the Many of us grow upbelieving that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake, even if only two thirds of adults inthe UK eat breakfast regularly, according to the British Dietetic Association, and aroundthree-quarters of

B) "The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night," explains diet specialist Sarah "Eating a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy, as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the " But there'swidespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in thehierarchy (等级) of There have been concerns around the sugar content of cerealand the food industry's involvement in pro-breakfast research -- and even one claimfrom an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

C) What's the reality? Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marketing tactic bycereal companies? The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping) hasbeen its links to Scientists have different theories as to why there's arelationship between the In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largestmeal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than those whoate a large lunch or The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce dailycalorie intake and improve the quality of our diet -- since breakfast foods are oftenhigher in fibre and

D) But as with any study of this kind, it was unclear if that was the cause -- or ifbreakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin To find out, researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-week weightloss All had the same number of calories over the day, but half hadbreakfast, while the other half did What they found was that it wasn't breakfast itselfthat caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal

E) If breakfast alone isn't a guarantee of weight loss, why is there a link betweenobesity and breakfast-skipping? Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research atthe University of Aberdeen, argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippershave been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and "There are a lotof studies on the relationship between breakfast eating and possible health outcomes, but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-enhancing behaviours such as regular exercise and not smoking," she

F) A 20XX review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast andweight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence isrequired before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent

G) Researches from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfwaythrough research looking into the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influencesbody Early findings suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to Breakfast has been found to affect more than just Skipping breakfasthas been associated with a 27% increased risk of heart disease, a 21% higher risk oftype 2 diabetes in men, and a 20% higher risk of type 2 diabetes in Onereason may be breakfast's nutritional value -- partly because cereal is fortified (增加营养价值) with In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in theUK, researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient intake was better in those whohad breakfast There have been similar findings in Australia, Brazil, Canada andthe

H) Breakfast is also associated with improved brain function, including concentrationand language A review of 54 studies found that eating breakfast can improvememory, though the effects on other brain functions were However, oneof the review's researchers, Mary Beth Spitznagel, says there is "reasonable" evidencebreakfast does improve concentration -- there just needs to be more "Lookingat studies that tested concentration, the number of studies showing a benefit wasexactly the same as the number that found no benefit," she "And no studies foundthat eating breakfast was bad for "

I) What's most important, some argue, is what we eat for High-proteinbreakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing the longing for food andconsumption later in the day, according to research by the Australian CommonwealthScientific and Industrial Research While cereal remains a firm favouriteamong breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugarcontent of 'adult' breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugarwas the second or third highest ingredient in

J) But some research suggests if we're going to eat sugary foods, it's best to do it One study recruited 200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet, where halfadded dessert to their breakfast, and half didn' Those who added dessert lost anaverage of 40 pounds more -- however, the study was unable to show the A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type ofbreakfast is healthier, and concluded that the type of breakfast doesn't matter as muchas simply eating

K) While there's no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be eating andwhen, the consensus is that we should listen to our own bodies and eat when we' "Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up," Johnstone "Each body starts the day differently -- and those individual differencesneed to be researched more closely," Spitznagel "A balanced breakfast is reallyhelpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave bloodsugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," "Breakfast isn't the only meal we should be getting "

According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness ofnutrition and

Some scientists claim that people should consume the right kind of food

Opinions differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the

It has been found that not cating breakfast is related to the incidence of certaindiseases in some

Researchers found it was a change in eating habits rather than breakfast itself thatinduced weight

To keep oneself healthy, eating breakfast is more important than choosing what

It is widely considered wrong not to eat

More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or

Pecople who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher

Many studies reveal that eating breakfast helps people memorise and

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage isread for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passageis read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact wordsyou have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you shouldcheck what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Textbooks represent an 11 billion dollar industry, up from $8 billion in Textbookpublisher Pearson is the largest publisher -- of any kind -- in the

It costs about $1 million to create a new A freshman textbook will have dozensof contributors, from subject-matter experts through graphic and layout artists to expertreviewers and classroom Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors andstudents in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educationalresources, simply do This connection happens not only by means of collaborativedevelopment, review and testing, but also at conferences where faculty regularly decideon their textbooks and curricula for the coming

It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to studentsrenting or buying used print But this can be chalked up to the excessivelyhigh cost of their books -- which has increased over 1,000 percent since Arestructuring of the textbook industry may well be in But this does not mean theend of the textbook

While they may not be as dynamic as an iPad, textbooks are not passive or Forexample, over the centuries, they have simulated (模拟) dialogues in a number of From 1800 to the present day, textbooks have done this by posing questions for studentsto answer inductively (归纳性地). That means students are asked to use their individualexperience to come up with answers to general Today's psychology texts, forexample, ask: "How much of your personality do you think you inherited?" while ones inphysics say: "How can you predict where the ball you tossed will land?"

Experts observe that "textbooks come in layers, something like an " For an activelearner, engaging with a textbook can be an interactive Readers proceed attheir own They "customize" their books by engaging with different layers Highlighting, Post-It notes, dog-ears and other techniques allow for furthercustomization that students value in print books over digital forms of

What does the passage say about open educational resources?

A) They contribute to teaching as much as to

B) They don't profit as much as traditional textbooks

C) They can't connect professors and students as textbooks

D) They compete fercely for customers with textbook

What is the main cause of the publishers' losses?

A) Failure to meet student

B) Industry

C) Emergence of

D) Flling

What does the textbook industry need to do?

A) Reform its

B) Cut its retail

C) Find replacements for printed

D) Change its business strategy

What are students expected to do in the learning process?

A) Think carefully before answering each

B) Ask questions based on their own

C) Answer questions using their personal

D) Give answers showing their respective

What do experts say about students using textbooks?

A) They can digitalize the prints

B) They can leam in an interactive

C) They can purchase custonized

D) They can adapt the material

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

When we think of animals and plants, we have a pretty good way of dividing them intotwo distinct groups: one converts sunlight into energy and the other has to eat food tomake its Well, those dividing lines come crashing down with the discovery of asea slug (海蛞蝓) that's truly half animal and half It's pretty incredible how it hasmanaged to hijack the genes of the algae (藻类) on which it

The slugs can manufacture chlorophyll, the green pigment (色素) in plants thatcaptures energy from sunlight, and hold these genes within their The termkleptoplasty is used to describe the practice of using hijacked genes to create nutrientsfrom And so far, this green sea slug is the only known animal that can be trulyconsidered solar-powered, although some animals do exhibit some plant-like Many scientists have studied the green sea slugs to confirm that they are actually able tocreate energy from

In fact, the slugs use the genetic material so well that they pass it on to their Their babies retain the ability to produce their own chlorophyll, thoughthey can't generate energy from sunlight until they've eaten enough algae to steal thenecessary genes, which they can't yet produce on their

"There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell," says Sidney Pierce from the University of South "And yet here, they Theyallow the animal to rely on sunshine for its So if something happens to theirfood source, they have a way of not starving to death until they find more algae to "

The sea slugs are so good at gathering energy from the sun that they can live up to ninemonths without having to eat any They get all their nutritional needs met by thegenes that they've hijacked from the

What is the distinctive feature of a sea slug?

A) It looks like both a plant and an

B) It converts some sea animals into

C) It lives half on animals and half on

D) It gets energy from both food and

What enables the sea slug to live like a plant?

A) The genes it captures from the sea plant

B) The mechanism by which it conserves

C) The nutrients it hjacks from other

D) The green pigment it inberits from its

What does the author say about baby sea slugs?

A) They can live without sunlight for a long

B) They can absorb sunlight right after their

C) They can survive without algac for quite some

D) They can produce chlorophyl on their

What does Sidney Pierce say about genes fom an alga?

A) They are stolen from animals like the sea

B) They can't function unless exposed to

C) They don't usually function inside animal

D) They can readily be converted to sca slug

What do we learn about sea slugs from the passage?

A) They behave the way most plant species

B) They can survive for months without

C) They will turn into plants when they

D) They will starve to death without

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet

中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。过去四代同堂并不少见。由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。

四级真题（3）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in

B) Design a new generation of mobile

C) Set up a mobile phone network on the

D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny

A) It is

B) It is

C) It is

D) It is

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) It lasted more than six

B) No injuries were yet

C) Nobody was in the building when it broke

D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters

A) Recruit and train more

B) Pull down the deserted shopping

C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement

D) Find money to renovate the local

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) Shrinking potato

B) Heavy reliance on

C) Widespread plant

D) Insufficient potato

A) It intends to keep its traditional

B) It wants to expand its own

C) It is afraid of the spread of

D) It is worried about unfair

A) Global

B) Ever-rising

C) Government

D) Diminishing

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A)

B)

C)

D)

A) She types on a

B) She does

C) She takes

D) She takes

A) It keeps her mind

B) It makes her stay

C) It enables her to think

D) It helps her kill

A) It enables her to improve her

B) It helps her better remember what she

C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of

D) It proves to be far more effective than

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) To spend her

B) To try authentic Indian

C) To take photos of the Taj

D) To trace the origin of a love

A) In memory of a

B) In honor of a great

C) To mark the death of an emperor of the

D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th

A) It looks older than

B) It is built of wood and

C) It stores lots of priceless

D) It has walls decorated with

A) Their streets are

B) They are mostly

C) Each one has a unique

D) Life can be tedious in some

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) They help spread the latest

B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure

C) They provide residents with the resources

D) They allow free access to digital books and

A) By helping them find

B) By inspiring their

C) By keeping them off the

D) By providing a place of

A) Their interaction with teenagers proved

B) They used libraries less often than

C) They tended to visit libraries

D) Their number increased

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) It is the cleverest cat in the

B) It is the largest cat in

C) It is an unusual cross

D) It is a large-sized wild

A) They are as loyal as

B) They have unusually long

C) They are fond of sleeping in

D) They know how to please their

A) They shake their front

B) They teach them to

C) They shower with

D) They shout at

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Anxious and

B) Contented and

C) Excited but somewhat

D) Proud but a bit

A) It is becoming parents biggest

B) It is gaining increasing public

C) It depends on their parents for

D) It starts the moment they are

A) Set a good example for them to

B) Read books and magazines to

C) Help them to learn by

D) Choose the right school for

A) Their

B) Their home

C) The effort they put in

D) The quality of their

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

Millions die early from air pollution each Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious ___26___ occurring in the developing

The figures include a number of costs ___27___ with air Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air Indoor pollution, which includes ___28___ like home heating and cooking, has remained ___29___ over the past several decades despite advances in the Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray ___30___ it as an “urgent call to ” One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little ___31___, he

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income ___32___ nearly 1% of Around 9 in 10 people in low and middle-income countries live in places where they ___33___ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air

But the problem is not limited ___34___ to the developing Thousands die prematurely in the as a result of related In many European countries, where diesel (柴油) ___35___ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of

A) ability

B) associate

C) consciously

D) constant

E) control

F) damage

G) described

H) equals

I) exclusively

J) innovated

K) regularly

L) relates

M) sources

N) undermine

O) vehicles

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is "Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?" he asks "The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the Juices are quick and easy to prepare; you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next "

B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the Joseph Hoag Health The center's "Shop with Your Doc" program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with

C) Nаdеаu nоt?се? thе рrе-mаdе mасаrоn?（通心粉）-аnd-сhее?е bохе? ?n ?соtt'? ?hорр?ng саrt аnd suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real "So I'd have to make it?" she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject "I'm not sure they'd eat They just won't eat "

D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among "In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food," Nadeau tells "And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based I think we should try to reverse " Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and Score one point for the doctor, zero for

E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications（药物）. By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as "Shop with Your Doc", they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients "There's no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices," Nadeau

F) In the big picture, says Richard Afable, CEO and president of Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook "We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food," says Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food "We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their "

G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine—that is a formal specialty in using food to treat Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood, pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and

H) "It's a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease," says Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patient's nutritional The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at

I) Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient's And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient's "What people eat can be medicine or poison," Rea "As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term "

J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet—particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory

K) "As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen," says "In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in "

More than half of the food Americans eat is

There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food

There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various

A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and

Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their

One food-as -medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook

Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of

Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based

Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these

Americans' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this The aquifers range from 1,000 to3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual setting down of the land As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water

One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of

How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?

A) By building more reserves of

B) By drawing water from the depths of the

C) By developing more advanced drilling

D) By upgrading its water distribution

What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

A) It was deemed vital to solving the water

B) It was not considered worth the

C) It may not provide quality

D) It is bound to gain support from the local

What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground?

A) The sinking of land

B) The harm to the

C) The damage to

D) The change of the

What does the author say about deep wells?

A) They run without any need for

B) They are entirely free from

C) They are the ultimate solution to

D) They provide a steady supply of

What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?

A) People's health may improve with cleaner

B) People's water bills may be lowered

C) The cost may go up due to

D) They may be exhausted sooner or

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

The AlphaGo programs victory is an example of how smart computers have

But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?

One example of AI is driverless They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act As driverless cars improve, they will save They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?

Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger

About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest

AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same This should be a warning to It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear It is something very different to use AI in the real The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software

Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns He thinks AI will be positive for He said people will be the winner, whatever the Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and "just better human "

What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?

A) Computers will prevail over human

B) Computers have unmatched

C) Computers are man's potential

D) Computers can become highly

What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

A) They are capable of predicting possible

B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a

C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral

D) They sacrifice everything to save human

What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human

B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act

C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to

D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI

What do we learn about Microsoft's "chatbot" Taylor?

A) She could not distinguish good from

B) She could turn herself off when

C) She was not made to handle novel

D) She was good at performing routine

What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

A) It will be far superior to human

B) It will keep improving as time goes

C) It will prove to be an asset to human

D) It will be here to stay whatever the

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序（apps）的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。

20XX年12月四级部分真题参考答案(完整版)

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Challenges of Living in a Big City

①With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of big cities is constantly increasing in ②While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges, such as traffic jam and pollution, just to name a

③The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion during rush I hate waiting for buses and being late for school or ④The next problem is that the large population in big cities makes them so crowded that we can hardly find a peaceful place unless staying at Supermarkets are always crowded, so are cinemas and ⑤Another consequence of the large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of high-quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of

⑥As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always: "no, definitely " What about you?

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

C

A

B

B

D

C

A

C

D

A

B

A

A

D

B

C

B

D

C

A

C

C

D

A

B

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：FBMDG EHKIO

36-45：DBGAI FCJRG

46-55：BBADC DCBAC

Part IV Translation

Because of the rapid development of communication network, the number of smartphone users in China has increased at an astonishing rate in recent years, which has significantly changed the way many people Nowadays they often read news and articles on smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and The development of numerous mobile apps has enabled people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their mobile Therefore, the sales of paper books have been But surveys show that though smartphone reading market has grown steadily, over half of adults still enjoy reading paper

四级真题（4）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of reading ability and how to develop You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's

B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his

C) A father's message for his

D) The history of a century-old

A) She wanted to show gratitude for his

B) She wanted to honor her father's

C) She had been asked by her father to do

D) She was excited to see her father's

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) People were concerned about the number of

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been

C) Two million bees were infected with

D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee

A) It apologized to its  

B) It was forced to kill its

C) It lost a huge stock of

D) It lost million

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It stayed in the air for about two

B) It took off and landed on a football

C) It proved to be of high commercial

D) It made a series of sharp turns in the

A) Engineering  

B) The air pollution it

C) Inadequate  

D) The opposition from the

A) It uses the latest aviation  

B) It flies faster than a commercial

C) It is a safer means of

D) It is more environmentally

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) It seems a depressing  

B) It sounds quite

C) It has little impact on our daily  

D) It is getting more serious these

A) The man doesn't understand

B) The woman doesn't really like

C) They don't want something too

D) They can't make it to the theatre in

A) It would be more fun without Whitehead

B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever

D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of

A) Watch a  

B) Go and see the

C) Book the tickets  

D) See a film with the

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she

B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer

C) There are too many activities for her to cope

D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer

A) Seek advice from senior

B) Pick up some meaningful

C) Participate in after-school

D) Look into what the school

A) Give her help whenever she needs

B) Accept her as a transfer

C) Find her accommodation on

D) Introduce her to her

A) She has interests similar to Lee'

B) She has become friends with

C) She has chosen the major Catherine

D) She has just transferred to the

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on

B) To find out which physical drive is the most

C) To discover what most mice like to

D) To determine what feelings mice

A) When they are

B) When they are

C) When they smell

D) When they want

A) They search for food in

B) They are overweight when food is

C) They prefer to be with other

D) They enjoy the company of other

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Its construction started before World War

B) Its construction cost more than $ 40

C) It is efficiently used for

D) It is one of the best in the

A) To improve transportation in the

B) To move troops quickly from place to

C) To enable people to travel at a higher

D) To speed up the transportation of

A) In the

B) In the  

C) In the  

D) In the

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Chatting while  

B) Messaging while

C) Driving under  

D) Speeding on

A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering

B) A gadget to charge the phone in a

C) A device to control the speed of a

D) A device to ensure people drive with both

A) The car keeps flashing its

B) The car slows down gradually to a

C) They are alerted with a light and a

D) They get a warning on their smart

A) Installing a  

B) Using a connected

C) Checking their  

D) Keeping a daily

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, They agreed to cover the entire building in solar In 20XX, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated

Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank

Green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar

A) cheaper B) cleaner C) collection D) competed E) constructed F) consulted G) dimension H) discovered I) eventually J) height K) necessarily L) production M) range N) scale O) undertaken

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their Homework

A) Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, take quizzes, and turn in As universities go digital, students are complaining of a new hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: pricey online access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit

B) The codes—which typically range in price from $ 80 to $ 155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the

C) But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out While they could once buy second-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to

D) "When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断), a new way to lock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the higher education advocate for the Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed "Rather than $250 (for a print textbook) you're paying $ 120," said "But because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests are through an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt "

E) Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 20XX—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry She told BuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a system provided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track their But the code to access the program cost $ 120—a big sum for Harper, who had already put down $ 450 for textbooks, and had rent day

F) She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $ 150- $ 200, to pay for the She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a "It's a balancing act," she "Can I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in her first two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing

G) The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they're the McGraw Hill, which controls 21% of the higher education market, reported in March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in The company said that 45% of its $ 140 million revenue in 20XX "was derived from digital "

H) A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that "digital materials are less expensive and a good investment" that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks and expert Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditional printed textbooks, the company McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, but its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education, the era of the printed textbook is now "

I) The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for "These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features," David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed "It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework "

J) David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that he understands the utility of using systems that require access But he doesn't require his students to buy access to a learning program that controls the class "I try to make things as inexpensive as possible," said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for his classes but designs his own "The online systems may make my life a lot easier but I feel like I'm giving up The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefit the students "

K) A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally spends $ 500-$ 600 on access codes for In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to turn in This year she said she spent $ 900 on access codes to books and "That's two months of rent," she "You can't sell any of it With a traditional textbook you can sell it for $ 30 - $ 50 and that helps to pay for your new semester's With an access code, you're out of that "

L) Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for all these access codes to do our " Many of the access codes he's purchased have been required simply to complete homework or "Often it's only 10% of your grade in " he "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if you didn't have it, it would affect your grades It would be bad to start out at a B or " Wolverton said he spent $ 500 on access codes for digital books and programs this

M) Harper, a poultry (家禽) science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her She rented her economics and statistics textbooks for about $ 20 But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or bought second-hand, were her most expensive purchases: $ 120 and $

N) She still remembers the sting of her first experience skipping an assignment due to the high "We don't really have a missed assignment policy," she "If you miss it, you just miss I just got zeros on a couple of first I managed to pull everything back But as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not "

A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two

The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital

If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit their

McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of the market share of college

Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which they believe will be the future of the publishing

One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the high

Digital materials can cost students less than half the price of traditional printed books according to a

One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time

Online systems may deprive teachers of opportunities to make the best use of their expertise for their

Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the

Passage One

Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following

Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory

After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in

The brain ages just like the rest of the Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels

Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry But if you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far more concerning, Daffner

When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more serious may be " Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also be signs of something going

But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like

You don't have to figure this out on your Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner

"Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways," he In other words, keep your brain busy and And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain

Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips?

A) Not all of them are symptoms of

B) They occur only among certain groups of

C) Not all of them are related to one's

D) They are quite common among

What happens as we become aged according to the passage?

A) Our interaction skills  

B) Some parts of our brain stop

C) Communication within our brain

D) Our whole brain starts

Which memory-related symptom should people take seriously?

A) Totally forgetting how to do one's daily

B) Inability to recall details of one's life

C) Failure to remember the names of movies or

D) Occasionally confusing the addresses of one's

What should people do when signs of serious memory loss show up?

A) Check the brain's cognitive  

B) Stop medications affecting  

C) Turn to a professional for

D) Exercise to improve their

What is Daffner's advice for combating memory loss?

A) Having regular physical and mental

B) Taking medicine that helps boost one's

C) Engaging in known memory repair

D) Staying active both physically and

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives (档案馆) by the FBI after being stolen

"We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing," says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Insitution "It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern (实习生), from what the FBI is telling Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes," and the intern put the letter "The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching "

Decades Finally, the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian's

The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National

The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so "It was luckily in good shape," says Kapsalis, "and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public "

It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like "Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s," says Kapsalis, "and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don't even have access "

What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?

A) It was recovered by the

B) It was stolen more than

C) It was put in the archives for research

D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian

What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?

A) They proved its  

B) They kept it in a special

C) They arrested the suspect

D) They pressed criminal charges in

What is Darwin's letter about?

A) The evolution of Yellowstone National

B) His cooperation with an American

C) Some geological evidence supporting his

D) His acknowledgement of help from a

What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?

A) Reserve it for research purposes  

B) Turn it into an object of high

C) Keep it a permanent  

D) Make it available

What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?

A) Growing interest in rare art

B) Radical changes in archiving

C) Recovery of various missing

D) Increases in the value of museum

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。

四级真题（5）

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversation, you will hear some Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

Conversation One

M：How do you like your new flexible work in arrangement? Do you enjoy working from home?

W：Yes and no, I find an isolation challenging at times, apart from my mother, not too many people I know, have time for phone chat during working I tried the library but found I wasn’t really keen on working

M：No, neither would I find the library a bit too I’d lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counter-productive to getting a lot of work

W：I found the same So, lately, I’ve been going out to Cafes occasionally, I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a Café, the sense of being out in the

M: Coffee shops seem to have affectively become off spaces for so many people in this digital Though I’m not sure how Café owners feel about it - having so many people who go to that places to work rather than drink and

W：Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order The most annoying one for Café owners must truly be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and

M：They should sit at a table for two, not the table for Some obviously stay so long, they need to plug the laptops into a power I nearly tripped over someone’s computer electrical lead the other day in my local café.

W：It’s a double-edged sword, no doubt about that, for a Café While remote workers help to keep the café full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space and busy

Questions 10 to 11 are based on the passage you have just

What does the woman say is the disadvantage of working from home?

What does the man say is counter-productive to getting work done in the library?

What does the woman like about doing one’s work in a café?

What is most annoying for café owners according to the woman?

Conversation Two

W: I’m going to start working for another I can’t see myself getting an opportunity to progress on my company anytime in the near And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher

M: You are not going to quit, are you?

W: I’m thinking I might as Then I can devote more time and energy to find me a better position at another

M: But you’ve been in your present company less than two years, haven’t you? This would be the third time you’ve left your job in the last five If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, perspective employers might see that you lack That could make them worry and reluctant to employ

W: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn’t Even if I get a promotion at my company, it’s likely to be less sizeable than if I were to get a job And even if I get a promotion, I’m not guaranteed to get a I had that experience at another company I worked

M: They want you to take on more work and responsibility but for the same amount of money?

W: More or less, The way I see it, through having different jobs, I’ve got a lot of experience, and different jobs and in different

M: But potential employers might worry about that experience is not deep, or thorough

W: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell You know what they say, fortune favors the

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just

Question12: What makes the woman think about changing her job?

Question13: What does the man say about people who keep changing their jobs?

Question14: What does the woman say would happen even if she got promoted in her current company?

Question15: What benefit has the woman gain from changing her jobs frequently?

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear some Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a ques- tion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Passage One

There is a saying that goes something along the lines of ‘You must love yourself first before you can love someone ’ Similarly, I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of There is a massive difference between being lonely and being Loneliness is a horrible However, you don’t have to actually be alone to feel that Many times, I’ve felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of In contrast, being alone can actually be a blessing, particularly, when you’ve actively chosen In my experience, being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of The trick is to be Get outside, stretch your legs, do something cultural, buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to You don’t have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of And then, when it’s time to be social and meet up with your friends, you will be fully there, because you won’t have too much other stuff floating around in your Having been alone for a bit, you will also appreciate your friends’ company more and chances are your time spent together will be more

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

Question 16: What does the speaker say about being alone?

Question 17: What does the speaker say how to reduce one’s feeling of loneliness?

Question 18: What is an advantage of spending one’s time alone?

Passage Two

When I turned twelve, I worked summers at my father’s small brick cleaning I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution, and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough It was tempting to have your job just But anybody who worked for Thomas Kahoon had to meet his standards, and that include of If I messed up, he made me stay late until I got it   

My father wasn’t been He demanded the same at Every brick he cleaned on the house stood out like a red jewel in a white It was his

In 1970, when I was twenty, I got I moved out my parent's modest place into a housing     

Drugs and gang violent were just beginning to plague the

Some of my friend went to Some were My wife Verllen, was 18, and nobody gave our marriage a But we believed in each And our faith made us

When we married, I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Super It was hard, tedious Each Friday night a truck came, with cases of food that had to be unloaded, priced and placed on

Most of stock clerks try to get Friday night But I was always ready to By Saturday morning, all the kinds and drawers in my aisle would place with a label facing smartly out, like a line of soldiers on That was my I took pride in a job nobody

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

Question What do we learn about the speaker’s father?

Question What does the speak say about the housing project?

Question What do we learn about the speaker as a stock clerk?

Passage Three

Watching more than 3 hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults Scientist at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people 6 years They found that those who watched on average less than 3 hours television a day showed a decline ever round 4 to 5 percent, while those who tended to watch more than 3 hours a day declined by an average of 8 to 10 The research team say they believe the alert but passive nature of television watching maybe creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory

Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities knowing to preserve mental functioning, such as reading or interactive screen base pursuits, such as using the internet or playing video The researchers say that television viewing maybe a risk factor for all Alzheimer’s disease, but more researches needed to establish a

While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting If you’re concerned that the amount of television you’re watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should eliminate the amount of TV watch each day and undertake some healthy

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

By what means does scientist at University College London measure memory lost?

What contributed to memory decline in the participants?

What did the researchers say about their finding concerning the link between TV viewing and _x this disease?

What do the researchers suggest older people do?

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

四级真题（6）

In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smart phones, two groups of college students were given word-search The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants' smart phones in their line of The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with the equipment in the experiment and would need be moved away from the testing Midway through the second group's solving of the puzzles, the experiment called one of the phones and let it ring for a while before hanging Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first

在心理学家最近就智能手机的弊端展开的一项研究中，两组大学生分到了一项玩拼单词游戏的任务。第一组被告知，游戏期间，他们的智能手机要放在他们的视线之内。第二组则被告知，手机会干扰实验使用的设备，故需要将其放到测试区之外。第二组进行游戏任务期间，实验方给该组成员的一部手机打了电话，让它响了一会儿，然后挂断了电话。该组的很多同学后续都变得无法集中注意力，变得很焦虑，游戏表现也比第一组更差。

Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in amount of sleep, which lead to poor health and weight

众所周知，使用电子产品还会导致人与人接触的减少。相比在现实生活中进行交谈，很多人都选择了通过社交网站表达情感或进行深入对话。许多学生还会在课堂上用手机和电脑做跟课堂无关的事情，继而出现成绩不佳的问题。最为严重的影响或许要数睡眠时间的减少，这一问题还会进一步导致健康状况不佳和体重增加。

Technology is a great However, it's important to recognize its Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity, and weight gain are only a If we are not careful about all these mind problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much

技术确实是非常不错的工具。然而，认识其缺陷也很重要。睡眠不足、生产力下降，体重增加都仅仅是很小的一部分影响。如果我们现在不小心处理所有这些心理问题，那智能手机对下一代的影响还会更加严重。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

请根据刚才所听文章回答22-25题。

Q22 What were the college students in both groups required to do in the study?

问题22：两组大学生都被要求在研究中做些什么？

Q23 What do we learn about many of the students in the second test group after the phone ring?

问题23：电话响起后，第二个测试组的许多学生怎么了？

Q24 According to the passage, what is the most dramatic impact of smart phone use?

Q24：根据文章，使用智能手机最大的影响是什么？

Q25 What does the speaker suggest people do?

问题25：演讲者建议大家怎么做？

四级真题（7）

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's

B) A New Hampshire man's joke with friends on his

C) A father's message for his

D) The history of a century-old

A) She wanted to show gratitude for his

B) She wanted to honor her father's

C) She had been asked by her father to do

D) She was excited to see her father's

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) People were concerned about the number of

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been

C) Two million bees were infected with

D) Zika virus had destroyed some bee

A) It apologized to its  

B) It was forced to kill its

C) It lost a huge stock of

D) It lost million

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It stayed in the air for about two

B) It took off and landed on a football

C) It proved to be of high commercial

D) It made a series of sharp turns in the

A) Engineering  

B) The air pollution it

C) Inadequate  

D) The opposition from the

A) It uses the latest aviation  

B) It flies faster than a commercial

C) It is a safer means of

D) It is more environmentally

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversation, you will hear four Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) It seems a depressing  

B) It sounds quite

C) It has little impact on our daily  

D) It is getting more serious these

A) The man doesn't understand

B) The woman doesn't really like

C) They don't want something too

D) They can't make it to the theatre in

A) It would be more fun without Whitehead

B) It has too many acts to hold the audience's

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever

D) It is a show inappropriate for a night of

A) Watch a  

B) Go and see the

C) Book the tickets  

D) See a film with the

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) Most of her schoolmates are younger than she

B) She simply has no idea what school to transfer

C) There are too many activities for her to cope

D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer

A) Seek advice from senior

B) Pick up some meaningful

C) Participate in after-school

D) Look into what the school

A) Give her help whenever she needs

B) Accept her as a transfer

C) Find her accommodation on

D) Introduce her to her

A) She has interests similar to Lee'

B) She has become friends with

C) She has chosen the major Catherine

D) She has just transferred to the

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) To investigate how being overweight impacts on

B) To find out which physical drive is the most

C) To discover what most mice like to

D) To determine what feelings mice

A) When they are

B) When they are

C) When they smell

D) When they want

A) They search for food in

B) They are overweight when food is

C) They prefer to be with other

D) They enjoy the company of other

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Its construction started before World War

B) Its construction cost more than $ 40

C) It is efficiently used for

D) It is one of the best in the

A) To improve transportation in the

B) To move troops quickly from place to

C) To enable people to travel at a higher

D) To speed up the transportation of

A) In the

B) In the  

C) In the  

D) In the

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) Chatting while  

B) Messaging while

C) Driving under  

D) Speeding on

A) A gadget to hold a phone on the steering

B) A gadget to charge the phone in a

C) A device to control the speed of a

D) A device to ensure people drive with both

A) The car keeps flashing its

B) The car slows down gradually to a

C) They are alerted with a light and a

D) They get a warning on their smart

A) Installing a  

B) Using a connected

C) Checking their  

D) Keeping a daily

四级真题（8）

Part I Writing

Dear Mike,

How's everything going? Last time you said you felt inclined to learn Chinese but had no clue where to So I'm writing to recommend a place to you -- the Confucius Institute, an established language center aimed to promote Chinese language and

The reasons for my recommendation are as Firstly, this Chinese government-funded educational institute is staffed by the most experienced, professional Chinese teachers, which ensures high-quality You can turn to them whenever you encounter difficulties in mastering the tones and the Secondly, students there are encouraged to take part in activities ranging from making traditional food to learning clligraphy, as a means of exposing them to the appealing aspects of Chinese Besides, the organization is now widely embraced by more than two million That means you aren' t alone as a beginner and will probably forge deep friendships with other

Learming a language from scratch won't be But I believe you'll find yourself having fun while improving your Chinese

Best wishes,

Li Hua

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

A

D

B

C

D

A

C

C

A

B

A

C

D

D

B

D

B

A

B

D

A

C

B

C

A

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：BLKAO CEGDH

36-45：EIBGD JAFCH

46-55：CDACB DADCB

Part IV Translation

China's family values are related to its cultural Harmonious extended families used to be very It was not uncommon in the past for four generations of a family to live under the same According to the tradition, many young people continued to live with their parents after Today, that tradition is As housing conditions improve, more and more young couples are opting to live apart from their But the connections between them still remain Many old people still help to look after their And young couples take time to visit their parents, especially during important festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn

四级真题（9）

听力真题

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section, you will hear three news At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The number of male nurses has gone

B) There is discrimination against male

C) There is a growing shortage of medical

D) The number of nurses has dropped to a record

A) Working

B) Educational

C) Inadequate

D) Cultural

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) He fell out of a

B) He was almost

C) He lost his way on a

D) He enjoyed swimming in the

A) The lifeboats patrol the area round the

B) The beach is a good place to watch the

C) The emergency services are

D) The beach is a popular tourist

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It climbed 25 storeys at one

B) It broke into an office

C) It escaped from a local

D) It became an online

A) Release it into the

B) Return it to its

C) Send it back to the

D) Give it a physical

A) A racoon can perform acts no human

B) A racoon can climb much higher than a

C) The racoon did something no politician

D) The raccoon became as famous as some

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section, you will hear two long At the end of each conversations you will hear four Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only After you hear a You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) She received a bonus

B) She got a well-paying job in a

C She received her first monthly

D) She got a pay raise for her

A) Two decades

B) Several years

C) Just last

D) Right after

A) He sent a small check to his

B) He treated his parents to a nice

C) He took a few of his friends to a

D) He immediately deposited it in a

A) Join her colleagues for gym

B) Visit her former university

C) Buy some professional

D) Budget her salary

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) He has just too many things to attend

B) He has been overworked

C) He has a difficult decision to

D) He has just quarreled with his

A) Turn to his girlfriend for

B) Give priority to things more

C) Think twice before making the

D) Seek advice from his family and

A) His girlfriend does not support his

B) He is not particularly keen on the job

C) He lacks the money for his doctoral

D) His parents and advisor have different

A)They need time to make

B) They haven't started their careers

C) They need to save enough money for

D) They haven't won their parents'

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section, you will hear three At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) Expressing ideas and opinions

B) Enriching social and intellectual

C) Acquiring information and professional

D) Using information to understand and solve

A) Traveling to different places in the

B) Playing games that challenge one's

C) Improving mind-reading

D) Reading classic scientific

A) Participate in debates or

B) Expose themselves to different

C) Discard personal biases and

D) Give others freedom to express

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) Why dogs can be faithful friends of

B) The nature of relationships between

C) The reason a great many people love

D) How dogs feel about their bonds with

A) They behave like other animals in many

B) They have an unusual sense of

C) They can respond to humans'

D) They can fall in love just like

A) They stay with one partner for

B) They have their own joys and

C) They experience true romantic

D) They help humans in various

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) A rare

B) A historical

C) A cow

D) A precious

A) Dating

B) Preserving

C) Measuring

D) Identifying

A) The channel needs to interview the

B) The boy should have called an

C) The boy's family had acted

D) The site should have been

A) Conduct a more detailed

B) Ask the university to reward

C) Search for similar fossils

D) Seek additional funds for the

四级真题（10）

A

D

B

C

D

A

C

C

A

B

A

C

D

D

B

D

B

A

B

D

A

C

B

C

A

四级真题（11）

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a you used at Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just

A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park

B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while

C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving

D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking  

A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic

B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own

C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their

D) They are not actually as safe as automakers

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just

A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in

B) A series of injuries to snowmobile

C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race

D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports

A) He stayed behind to look after his injured

B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four

C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod

D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just

A) It sank into the sea due to

B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn

C) It disappeared between two large

D) It turned over because of strong  

A)

B)

C)

D)  

A) He has helped with the rescue

B) He is being investigated by the

C) He was drowned with the

D) He is among those people

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just

A) At a shopping

B) At a community

C) At an accountancy

D) At an IT

A) Helping out with data

B) Arranging

C) Sorting application

D) Making phone

A) He enjoys using

B) He needs the money

C) He wants to work in the city

D) He has relevant working

A) Purchase some business

B) Learn some computer

C) Improve his programming

D) Review some accountancy

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just

A) They are keen on high

B) They are poor at technology

C) They often listen to National Public

D) They feel superior in science and  

A)

B)

C)

D)  

A)

B)

C)

D)

A) It is undergoing a drastic

B) It lays emphasis on creative

C) It has much room for

D) It prioritizes training of practical

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just

A) They have small

B) They grow white

C) They taste like

D) They come from Central

A) They turned from white to purple in

B) They became popular on the world

C) They became an important food for

D) They began to look like modern-day

A) They were found quite

B) There were serious food

C) People discovered their medicinal

D) Farm machines helped lower their

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just

A) She could update her family any time she

B) She could call up her family whenever she liked

C) She could locate her friends wherever they

D) She could download as many pictures as she

A) She liked to inform her friends about her

B) She enjoyed reading her friends' status

C) She felt quite popular among

D) She felt she was a teenager

A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook

B) She spent more time updating her friends than her

C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her

D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just

A) They have strong

B) They live a longer life than

C) They eat much less in

D) They can work longer than

A) It was a pet of a Spanish

B) It was bought by George

C) It was brought over from

D) It was donated by a

A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal

B) They participated in a mule-driving

C) They showed and traded animals in the

D) They fed mules with the best food they could

A) The wider use of

B) The arrival of

C) A shrinking animal

D) A growing donkey

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the Read the passage through carefully before making your Each choice in the bank is identified by a Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the You may not use any of the words in the bank more than

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called "central fatigue," in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate （碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still __32__ their visual The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture new visual The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that

A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is You may choose a paragraph more than Each paragraph is marked with a Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

Team spirit

A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of Recruitment advertisements routinely call for "team players". Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group Office managers knock down walls to encourage team Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 But a new report by Deloitte, "Global Human Capital Trends"，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on

B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or These teams are gaining more power to run their own They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.

C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of Technological innovation places greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems , a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that "we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or " Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to The " millennials" （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in

D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and The US Army has gone the same In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising

E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, "Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor " The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, "I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary But don't count on "

F）Hackman （who died in 20XX） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders Group-think may be In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder

G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to Teams work best if their members have a strong common This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use "team" as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband

H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more "inclusive" is a guarantee of Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that "If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too " They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain "deviant" （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to

I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are "engaged" is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with

J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the

team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt

of authority was also found to be more effective in military

many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of

of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their

is most effective when team members share the same

to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among

team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's

scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work

ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they

transitions take much less time now than in the

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has

Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury

This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the It has shrunk from billion pounds in 20XX to billion pounds in 20XX, according to a new report from market research company Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to billion pounds in

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in 20XX to 41 pounds in

Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special "

While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).

One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard

The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because

Britons have cut their spending on

its prices have gone up over the

its quality has seen marked

Britons have developed the habit of

What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

It will expand in

It will remain

It will experience ups and

It will recover as population

What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

Special offers would promote its

Consumers are loyal to certain

Luxurious features add much to the

Consumers have a variety to choose

What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

They are particular about the quality of toilet

They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the

They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet

They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary

What can we infer from the last paragraph?

More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the

Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its

Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product

Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following

"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and

In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to The other cut down gradually over the course of two People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run And I think people see that for smoking as They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'" says But that wasn't the Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective," says Gabriela "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it," Ferreira

People rarely manage to quit the first time they But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of

What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

She quit smoking with her daughter's

She succeeded in quitting smoking

She was also a researcher of tobacco and

She studied the smoking patterns of adult

What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

They were given physical

They were looked after by

They were encouraged by

They were offered nicotine

How does Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

It is

It is

It is

It is

The idea of "a marathon" (Line 2， 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking

is something few can accomplish

needs some practice first

requires a lot of patience

is a challenge at the beginning

What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

They find it even more

They are simply unable to make

They show fewer withdrawal

They feel much less pain in the

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into You should write your answer on Answer Sheet

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

Part Ⅰ Writing

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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving

drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic

on some Iditarod race

has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four

turned over because of strong

is being investigated by the

an accountancy

out with data

needs the money

some accountancy

are poor at technology

has much room for

have small

began to look like modern-day

were serious food

could update her family any time she

enjoyed reading her friends' status

didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook

have strong

was brought over from

showed and traded animals in the

arrival of

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：OIEGM DCJNF

36-45：HDBJG AFEIC

46-55：ABCAD BDCBA

Part IV Translation

The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the The river, which flows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangered species and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China's The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China's The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally and The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China's For millennia, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial The world's largest hydropower station is also built on the

四级真题（12）

Part Ⅰ Writing

The Importance of Reading Ability and How to Develop It

As the most frequently used way to get access to the original material, reading has always been considered one of the most important parts of language This explains why reading skills should be highly

Then how to improve our reading skills? First of all, scan the material before we Whatever the purpose of our reading is, take a few minutes to look the piece over to check and see how the work is structured and Secondly, try not to reach for the dictionary when we come to a word we don't Instead, try to guess the meaning of the word based on the Last but not least, write a few sentences to summarize what we've read since it is a way of checking that we understand what we're

Above all, reading has important benefits and can help us learn the language faster and more completely, which encourages each language learner to develop their reading skills as

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

A) The return of a bottled message to its owner's

B) She wanted to honor her father's

B) Several cases of Zika disease had been

C) It lost a huge stock of

A) It stayed in the air for about two

C) Inadequate

D) It is more environmentally

A) It seems a depressing

D) They can't make it to the theatre in

C) It is the most amusing show he has ever

B) Go and see the

D) She worries she won't fit in as a transfer

C) Participate in after-school

A) Give her help whenever she needs

D) She has just transferred to the

B) To find out which physical drive is the most

A) When they are

C) They prefer to be with other

D) It is one of the best in the

B) To move troops quickly from place to

A) In the

B) Messaging while

D) A device to ensure people drive with both

C) They are alerted with a light and a

B) Using a connected

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35: EOFCN IKLAJ

36-45: KDMGB LHFJC

46-55: ACACD BADDB

Part IV Translation

In the past, traveling by plane was unimaginable for most Chinese Today, with the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more Chinese people, including many farmers and migrant workers, can travel by They can fly to all major cities, and many other cities are also planning to build Air services continue to improve, and there are often cheap In recent years, the number of people choosing to travel by air during holidays has been

四级真题（13）

as…as结构的几点用法说明：

基本用法

该结构的基本意思是“与……一样”，其中接形容词或副词的原级，在否定句中，第一个as也可换成如：

He doesn't study as [so] hard as his 他学习不如他弟弟努力。

涉及数量或程度的用法

若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“asmany+可数名词复数+as”。如：

He doesn‘t pay as much tax as we do / as 他没我们交的税款多。

There are not as many restaurants as there 现在餐馆没有过去多了。

有关词序的一点说明

其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)。如：

I have as good a voice as 我的声音和你一样好。

该结构的修饰语

根据情况可用(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, threetimes, 30 per cent等修饰，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。如：

This room is twice as large as that 这个房间是那个房间的两个大。

You‘re not half as clever us you think you 你远不是自己想像的那么聪明。

It took three times as long as I had 这件事比我预料的多花了两倍的时间。

first与at first用法区别详解：

1、从词性上看区别

first可用作形容词或副词，有时还可用作代词;而at first作为介词短语，只起副词用作用(在句中用作状语)。如：

First class is the most expensive way to 坐头等舱是最贵的旅行方式。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)

This is the first time I have heard of such 这是我第一次听到这样的事。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)

You needn‘t read the whole book hut you must readthe first four 你们不必把整本书全读完，但必须读完前四章。(first为形容词，在句中用作定语)

I asked them to ring first in case we were 我请他们先打电话来，以防我们不在家。(first为副词，在句中用作状语)

She‘s always the first to arrive and the last to 她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。(first为代词，可视为其后省略了one， person等之类的词)

His second suggestion was not much better than his 他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。(first为代词，可视为其后省略了suggestion)

At first we used hand Later we had 开始我们用手工工具，后来我们有了机器。(at first在此用作状语)

2、从用法上看区别

1).first的用法

first 用来说明顺序，意为“先……”，暗示接下去还有其他动作或事件要发生，因此其后往往接有(或暗示有)then，next，last 等词。如：

Think first, then 先想清楚再行动。

I‘ll have to finish my homework 我得先把作业做完。

First(you)boil some Then(you)warm the Then(you)add three teaspoons Next,(you)pour on boiling water… 你先烧些开水，然后把茶壶烫热，接着放三勺茶叶，随后冲入开水……

John came home from First he read the paper for a while, then he got up from the chairand turned on the 约翰下班回家，先看一会儿报，然后从椅子上站起来，打开收音机。

2). at first 的用法

at first 的意思是“起初”“开始”，它主要用于强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反，因此常有 but，afterwards，soon，at last等相呼应。如：

At first I didn‘t want to go, but I soon changed my 我开始不想去，但我很快就改变了主意。

The work was hard at first, but I got used to 起初这活儿很累，不过后来我习惯了。

At first they were very happy, but then things started going 起初他们生活得很幸福，但后来就开始出问题了。

At first I paid little attention, but slowly my interest 起初我没怎么注意，但逐渐产生了兴趣。

3、其他几点区别

1). at first 除以上用法外，其他场合一般不用它;而first除表示“先……(然后……)”外，还可表示“最先”“第一次”“首先”等。如：

Ladies 女士优先。

That‘s mine—I saw it 那是我的，是我先看见的。

When did you first meet him? 你第一次见他是什么时候?

2). 有时at first并非固定搭配(first后还修饰有其他词语)。如：

She was so nice a girl that he fell in love with her at first 她是这样好的一个姑娘，使他一见钟情。

She could tell at first glance to which class a man 她一眼就能看出一个人属于哪个阶级。

3). at first与at last不是一对反义词组，后者的意思是“终于”“最终”。如：

At last the truth became 最后真相大白了。

She has at last got everything 她最后把一切准备好了。

At last the bus I had been waiting for half an 最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。

angry的介词搭配特点：

表示“对某人生气”，一般用介词 with(有时也用 at)

The teacher got angry with [at] 老师对我生气了。

有的词书认为：用with表示心中感到生气，而用at则表示怒气流露于外表，但总的说来此时还是用with的场合较多。

表示“对某事生气”，一般用介词 at(about)

He was rather angry at what you 他对你说的话相当生气。

I was angry about missing the 没看上那部电影我很气恼。

He was angry at being kept 他因久等而生气。

有的词书认为：at 之后接某人之言行，about 之后接某事，但这种区别并不十分严格，两者常可换用。

表示生气的原因，一般用介词for

He was angry with me for not having done 因为我什么也没做，他对我很生气。

注：be angry 之后除搭配介词外，还可接不定式或从句：

He‘ll be angry to find that nothing has been 他发现什么都没做，他会生气的。

He was angry that the door was 门锁上了，他很生气。

形容词able的用法说明：

表示“有能力的”、“能干的”，可用作表语或定语。如：

He is an able 他是位有能力的经理。

He is old but still 他虽年老，但仍有很能干。

用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)。如：

He is able to speak 他会说英语。

Everyone here is able to 这儿的每一个人都会打字。

He will be able to get about in a week or 再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。

He studied hard and was able to pass his 他学习很努力，所以考试及了格。

注：be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用)，而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用)，甚至还可以有非谓语形式。如：

Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the 自出事之后，他一直未能离开家。

You might be able to persuade 你也许能够说服他。

I hope to be able to do the 我希望能干得了这项工作。

I regret not being able to help 我很遗憾未能帮助她。

的比较级和最高级通常是abler和ablest，也可以是more able和most able，有时还可用 betterable和best 如：

You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事。

She's the person best able to 她是个最能妥善处理问题的人。

若要加强语气，其前除可very，quite，perfectly等修饰外，有时还可用well修饰。如：

He is quite [well] able to take care of 他完全有能力照顾自己。

He's a very able student; he's just too 他是个很有能力的学生，只是太懒了。

若受just，only just修饰，则表示“只能”“仅能”。如：

I was just able to make out a dark figure in the 我只能看见远处有个黑影。

的反义词是unable(不能的，不会的)，不是disable，后者是动词，其意为“使残废”“使无能力”。比较：

They were unable to reach a 他们没法做出决定。

Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to 因为他残废了，他的房子就成了他的牢笼。

四级真题（14）

首先是要切忌单纯地背单词。往往在四级考试之前，许多同学会日日夜夜捧着一本词汇手册猛背，争取要在最后的时间中记住更多的单词。其实这是一个误区。背单词增大词汇量是件好事，但单纯得记单词就不可取了。俗话说，词不离句。意思就是说要把单词放到句子中去理解、去分析。

其次，要在最后的时间段里进行广泛地阅读，不断提高阅读的速度、技巧和效率，熟练掌握阅读科学的方法。纵所周知，阅读是四级考试中所占比例最大的一部分，那么我们该怎样将其把握好呢?这就需要我们平时进行广泛地阅读，坚持阅读，在不断的阅读过程中掌握一定的方法。阅读的内容可广泛地涉及到时事，科技，文化，风土人情等。具体阅读的方法在很多相关的辅导书上都有介绍，在此不再赘述。总之，英语阅读很重要，广大同学要予以足够的重视。

再有，英语作文也是四级考试中很重要的一部分，而要提高这一部分的分值唯一的方法就是多写多练笔。笔者建议广大同学可以在最后的复习阶段做到每天写一篇，写作的内容可以是近期的热门话题。在写作的过程中发现不足，不断改进。

还有很重要的一点就是要坚持朗读。其实朗读带给我们的帮助不仅仅是提高语感，增强口语。还有就是它同样可以帮助我们提高听力。边读边听，听读结合就能收到单纯地练习听力所得不到的效果。

最后谈谈参考书的问题。现在市场上的英语四级辅导书可谓良莠不齐，若是选书不当，往往会起到相反的效果，误人子弟。笔者不建议广大同学做太多的习题，买太多的辅导书，只需在考前有选择性地做几套历年的试题作为热身即可。因为历年的试题有其他模拟题所没有的规范性和权威性。

四级真题（15）

四级翻译真题及答案

「四级翻译真题」

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的`儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。

「四级翻译参考答案」

In order to promote equity in education， China has invested 36 billion yuan for improving educational facilities in rural areas and strengthening rural compulsory education in the Midwest. These funds were used to improve the teaching facilities and purchase books， so that more than 160，000 primary and secondary schools benefit from it.These funds are also used to purchase musical instruments and painting equipments.Now children in rural and mountainous areas can learn music and painting like those children in coastal cities.Some students who transferred to the city schools in order to receive a better education now get back to the local rural schools.

四级真题（16）

英语四级阅读真题与答案资料

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure

[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (继续处理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.

[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有复原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.

[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.

[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”

[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.

[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.

[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.

[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.

[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 20xx paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.

[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.

[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.

[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.

36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.

37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.

38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.

39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.

40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.

41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.

42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.

43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.

44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.

45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.

答案：

36.D

37. J

38. L

39. A

40. E

41. K

42. I

43.B

44. G

45. C

四级阅读理解答案：词汇理解

26. G)habitats

【语法判断】marine是形容词，表示“海洋的”，后面应该跟一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、habitats(栖息地)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

【语意判断】从上下文可知，暗礁是潜泳和保护海洋______的圣地，所以应该选habitats，海洋栖息地。

27. M)stripped

【语法判断】此处谓语不完整，要填写动词，由was可知要使用被动语态。符合条件的动词有depressed(使…沮丧)、stripped(剥夺、剥离)。

【语意判断】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能对环境有害的东西，所以应该选stripped，被剥离了。

28. A)create

【语法判断】此处是倒装句，the sunken plane will后面应该跟动词原形。符合条件的动词有create(创作、创造)、innovate(发明)。

【语意判断】被沉默的飞机不仅仅将会给人工暗礁的生长_____完美的骨架，所以应该选create，创造出。

29. L)stretches

【语法判断】主句缺少谓语，主语是the plane，应该选择动词的第三人称单数。符合条件的动词有experiences(经历)、stretches(延展到)

【语意判断】这个飞机____总长度54米，所以应该选stretches，延展到。

30. C)eventually

【语法判断】where引导的从句有完整的主谓宾结构，空格处应该填写副词。符合条件的副词有eventually(最后，终于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

【语意判断】在这个地方，潜水者将_______能够探索机舱和….，因为是在飞机沉下去以后，潜水者才能够进行探索，所以应该选eventually，最终

31. F)exterior

【语法判断】由plane’s可知此处为所有格，应该填一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、exterior(外部)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

【语意判断】潜水者最终可以探索机舱和飞机的_____，潜水者会探索飞机的内部和外部，所以应该选exterior，外部。

32. J)investment

【语法判断】由that代词可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、investment(投资)、territory(领土)、victim(受害人)。

【语意判断】他们(投资者)希望通过旅游业看到在_____上的回报，又从前一句知道投资者在飞机上花了大量的金钱，所以应该选择investment，投资上的回报。

33. O)victim

【语法判断】由定冠词the和介词of可知，此处应该填写一个名词。符合条件的名词有experiences(经验)、territory(领土)、victim(受害者)。

【语意判断】土耳其这个国家是几起致命的`恐怖袭击的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游业出现了下滑的趋势，他们受到了恐怖袭击的影响，所以应该选victim，受害者。

34. I)intentionally

【语法判断】sunk修饰aircraft表示被沉没的飞机，此处可以填写一个形容词和sunk并列修饰aircraft，也可以是一个副词修饰形容词sunk。符合条件的形容词有depressed(沮丧的)、revealing(透露真情的、有启迪作用的);符合条件的副词有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。

【语意判断】A300是的______被沉没的飞机，由上下文可知，这架飞机是被人为地沉没到海底地，所以此处应该选intentionally，故意被沉没的飞机。

35. E)exploring

【语法判断】and并联连词连接taking和填空部分，形式应与taking保持一致，动词的现在分词形式。符合条件的动词有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。

【语意判断】经历一场水下旅行和_______沉没的A300内部，由语意可知，应该选择exploring，探索内部。