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虚拟语气的句式有哪些及用法

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虚拟语气的句式有哪些及用法

虚拟语气的结构及用法

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  • 2005-10-14 21:40:55
    非真实条件句式:
            从句                                      主句
    (现在时)if+主语+were/did/were doing         主语+should/would+do
    (过去时)if+主语+had gone                    主语+should/would+have done
    (将来时)与现在时一样
    其它从句用法:would/should+动词原型
    还有一些其它特殊用法,要列举就太多了,最好看下语法书,写的很清楚的.
    

    M***

    2005-10-14 21:40:55

其他答案

    2005-10-15 16:11:44
  •   :虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题。然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法,那就可以化难为易了。现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下:
        1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
        (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。
      如:        I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)        If it should rain,we wouldn”t go out。(将来)        If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)        If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)      (2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。
      如:    If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.    She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy.    If I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.   If only you hadn”t told him the news.     (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。
      如:     Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.     Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.     Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.    (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。
      如: If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在). If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).     2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。
      在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如: I suggest that we(should)set off at once. The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed. I wish I were as strong as you. I would rather that you hadn”t told him.         3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法  在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。
      如:  It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once. It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.  It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.  4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
        在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:  Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.  My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.  Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch? 5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法  在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。
      如:  They talked as if they had been friends for years.  She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.  He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train. 6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:  在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
       。

    M***

    2005-10-15 16:11:44

  • 2005-10-14 17:59:50
  • have过去分词+would+过去分词

    1***

    2005-10-14 17:59:50

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