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  I PROPOSE to treat of Poetry in itself and of its various kinds,

noting the essential quality of each, to inquire into the structure of

the plot as requisite to a good poem; into the number and nature of

the parts of which a poem is composed; and similarly into whatever

else falls within the same inquiry. Following, then, the order of

nature, let us begin with the principles which come first.

  Epic poetry and Tragedy, Comedy also and Dithyrambic poetry, and the

music of the flute and of the lyre in most of their forms, are all

in their general conception modes of imitation. They differ,

however, from one another in three respects- the medium, the

objects, the manner or mode of imitation, being in each case distinct.

  For as there are persons who, by conscious art or mere habit,

imitate and represent various objects through the medium of color

and form, or again by the voice; so in the arts above mentioned, taken

as a whole, the imitation is produced by rhythm, language, or

'harmony,' either singly or combined.

  Thus in the music of the flute and of the lyre, 'harmony' and rhythm

alone are employed; also in other arts, such as that of the shepherd's

pipe, which are essentially similar to these. In dancing, rhythm alone

is used without 'harmony'; for even dancing imitates character,

emotion, and action, by rhythmical movement.

  There is another art which imitates by means of language alone,

and that either in prose or verse- which verse, again, may either

combine different meters or consist of but one kind- but this has

hitherto been without a name. For there is no common term we could

apply to the mimes of Sophron and Xenarchus and the Socratic dialogues

on the one hand; and, on the other, to poetic imitations in iambic,

elegiac, or any similar meter. People do, indeed, add the word 'maker'

or 'poet' to the name of the meter, and speak of elegiac poets, or

epic (that is, hexameter) poets, as if it were not the imitation

that makes the poet, but the verse that entitles them all to the name.

Even when a treatise on medicine or natural science is brought out

in verse, the name of poet is by custom given to the author; and yet

Homer and Empedocles have nothing in common but the meter, so that

it would be right to call the one poet, the other physicist rather

than poet. On the same principle, even if a writer in his poetic

imitation were to combine all meters, as Chaeremon did in his Centaur,

which is a medley composed of meters of all kinds, we should bring him

too under the general term poet.

  So much then for these distinctions.

  There are, again, some arts which employ all the means above

mentioned- namely, rhythm, tune, and meter. Such are Dithyrambic and

Nomic poetry, and also Tragedy and Comedy; but between them originally

the difference is, that in the first two cases these means are all

employed in combination, in the latter, now one means is employed, now

another.

  Such, then, are the differences of the arts with respect to the

medium of imitation

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