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2017-07-09 19:44:42

•   时态
  1)现在完成进行时态(have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束。
  I’ve been writing letters for an hour。
  I’ve been sitting in the garden。
    
  2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
  I’d been working for some time when he called。
  We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came。
    
  3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作。
  By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years。
  In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years。
    
  4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时已发生的事。
  I shall have finished this one before lunch。
  They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October。
    
  语态
  可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
  He was said to be jealous of her success。
  It was said that he was jealous of her success。
  能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等。
    
  It is supposed that the ship has been sunk。
  The ship is supposed to have been sunk。
  担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义。
    例如:
  Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit。 (你应该晓得速度限制)
  双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
  双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语。
    
  He was asked a number of questions at the press conference。
  Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations。
    
  宾补结构的被动语态:
  She was called Big Sister by everybody。
  Then he was made a squad leader。
  He was considered quite qualified for the job。
    
  The room was always kept clean and tidy。
  短语动词
  Vi + adv
  The plane took off two hours late。
  Vi + prep
  They looked round the Cathedral。
    
  Vi + prep (有被动语态)
  。

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  2017-07-09 19:44:42

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